الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bacteriological studies on some multidrug resistant pathogens isolated from different animals and their effect on public health” Alzahraa Rabei Attia Ibrahim, Cairo Univ. Fac. Vet. Med. Thesis; : M.V.Sc., Microbiology, 2021.
Nowadays, companion animals as cats, dogs and horses have frequently considered family members and close animal contact occurs daily. Therefore, the transmission of a variety of microorganisms that cause diseases, like multidrug-resistant pathogens between animals and owners has increased and has become a public health issue. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria between companion animals and humans, and more specifically the role of companion animals in transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) to humans in varying degrees of contact with these animals. Here, carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in companion animals was assessed. Nasal and rectal samples were cultured on chromogenic media and MaCconkey agar in addition to 0.2 mg cefotaxime directly for detection of MRSA and ESBLs, respectively. Considering MRSA detection; nasal swabs were collected from 134 companion animals with respiratory illness (48 horses, 41 dogs and 45 cats). All swabs were cultured for MRSA using MRSA chrOMagar medium, whereas isolates were identified as MRSA after colonial morphology, biochemical tests Gram staining, coagulase test, resistance to cefoxitin and detection of mecA gene. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance patterns for all obtained MRSA isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method. The prevalence rates of MRSA among horses, dogs and cats were 8.3%, 2.4% and 0% respectively. All the MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant. The phylogenetic analysis of 2 mecA gene sequences obtained in this study (one from dog and another from horse) revealed that both sequences were grouped in the same clade with sequences derived from human patients to underscore the potential public health implications of such strains. Regarding ESBLs detection, rectal swabs were collected from 135 companion animals with diarrhea (72 dogs, 33 cats and 30 horses). All swabs were cultured on MacConkey agar in addition to 2mg/L cefotaxime to promote selection of β-lactamase producers, incubated for 24 hours at 37 oc. Isolates were identified as ESBLs after colonial morphology, biochemical tests, Gram staining, and molecular techniques using TEM, SHV, CTX, and OXA genes. The prevalence rates of ESBLs in the study were 25.9%, 5.9% and 7.4% in dogs, cats and horses, respectively. 46 isolates out of 53 were E.coli and 7 were Klebsiella pneumoniae. In conclusion, the current study highlights the occurrence of multidrug resistant pathogen as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) among companion animals and the importance of infection control strategies for the protection of animals at risk as well as veterinary personnel.