الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic heterogeneous group of metabolic endocrine disorder held its position as one of the world’s predominant endocrine disorders for the last few decades it is characterized by hyperglycemia is characterized by insulin secretion deficiency, insulin activity or both.
It is highly prevalent worldwide when compared with many other diseases, it is fast becoming the epidemic of the 21st century. It is estimated that in the year 2000, there were 171 million diabetic peoples in the world. This estimation is expected to increase to reach 366 million diabetic patients by 2030. According to the World Health Organization, in 2012, diabetes caused 1.5 million deaths and in low- and middle-income countries, more than 80% of diabetes deaths occur.
M. oleifera is one of the most important useful tropical trees because its flower, pods, and leaves have medicinal uses. Research is gradually verifying the amazing medicinal use of the Moringa, which is believed by many cultures and societies based on real-life experience. By research, M. Oleifera has been found to contain many essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, beta-carotene, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory nutrients, and fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6.
M. oleifera is indigenous to the Himalayan foothills of South Asia from north-eastern Pakistan to northern West Bengal State in India and north-eastern Bangladesh.
M. Oleifera was highly valued in the ancient world. Edible oil was extracted from the seeds by the ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks and used for perfume and skin lotion. Moringa’s plantations in the West Indies exported the oil to Europe in the 19th century for machinery perfumes and lubricants.
M. Oleifera is reported to have hypotensive, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antiulcer, and anti-hyperglycemic activity. The study’s objective was therefore to determine the antidiabetic and antioxidant capacity of M. Oleifera leaves on diabetic steptozoticin-induced rats to provide information on active phytoconstituents for clinical diabetes treatment.
Fifty healthy male albino rats of Wister strain weighing around 120 to 200g were grouped into 5 groups; each group included 10 rats.
Control rats: 10 rats were left as control and fed on standard feed.
The rest 40 rats were injected subcutaneously with streptozotocin (STZ) for the induction of diabetes.
Diabetic rats: 10 diabetic rats left without treatment and were fed only on standard diet for 6weeks.
Diabetic+ Moringa 10%: 10 diabetic rats were fed on diet consists of 10% Moringa Oleifera powdered leaves and 90% standard diet for 6weeks.
Diabetic+ Moringa 20%: 10 diabetic rats were fed on diet consists of 20% Moringa Oleifera powdered leaves and 80% standard diet for 6weeks.
Diabetic+ Glibeclamide 0.3mg/Kg: 10 diabetic rats will be treated with the standard antidiabetic drug (Glibenclamide in a dose of 0.3 mg ⁄kg per day, orally).
This study consists of:
Part І was carried using a total of (20Kg) of Fresh leaves of M. Oleifera were collected from a private farm in Ashmoun Elgharbya Governorate. These leaves were air-dried. The following parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks: Lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and VLDL), Liver function (ALT, AST), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Fasting blood sugar, Fasting insulin, and saHOMA-IR. This part of the study conducted at Medical Research Institute in Hadarah, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Part ІІ weight measurement of each rat in each group was taken weekly early in the morning. This part of the study conducted at animal house of Medical Research Institute in Smouha, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Conclusions
It could be concluded from the results that:
• Dried Moringa leaves improved fasting glucose level, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR and total antioxidant capacity in diabetic rats thus improving the diabetic index.
• Dried Moringa was also observed that treatment with the dried leaves reduced liver function tests and serum lipid profile.
• Moringa leaves have high nutritional effect and ability to prevent damage to liver cells due to the improvement of liver function (ALT and AST).
• Moringa leaves have high nutritional effect and ability to prevent the increase in Lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL and HDL).
• This finding provides some biochemical basis for the use of the dried Moringa leaves as anti-diabetic agent and in prevention of mico and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
Recommendations:
from the results of this study, the following can be recommended:
1. Introduce the dried Moringa Oleifera leaves in the diet of the diabetic people, which could monitor the diabetes besides its nutritive value.
2. Usage of Moringa Oleifera as a part of our daily meals is recommended as a preventive step especially among high risk groups to save our health against diabetes.
3. Increase awareness about the beneficial effect of this miracle tree (Moringa Oleifera).
4. Mass media should be used for the promotion of the intake of Moringa Oleifera.
5. Consumpstion of Moringa Oleifera in our daily life style as a drink or even in food recipes should be increased.
6. Cultivation area of Moringa Oleifera in Egypt should be increased.
7. Further studies on the health benefits of Moringa Oleifera are highly recommended.
8. Further intensive studies on dried Moringa Oleifera leaves are needed to discover bioactive components that can be used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
9. Further and in-depeth researches are needed to investigate the histopathological changes induced by long term intake of Moringa Oleifera.