الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to act as a preliminary investigation of using Ketamine-HCl or propofol or combination of them in premedicated donkeys with xylazin on: -
Clinical symptoms (Sedation, Analgesia and ataxia), its effects on temperature, respiration, pulse rate and their effects on blood pictures (Hb, WBCs, RBCs and PCV).
A nine apparently healthy adult donkey of both sexes aging (2 – 2.5 years) and of average weights (200 Kg) were used in the present study.
The animals were randomly allocated into three equal groups (3 of each each).
I-First group (Ketamine treated group): -
3 premedicated donkeys with xylazine HCl (1.1 /Kg bwt) were injected I/V with ketamine at a dose of (2.2 mg/kg bwt).
2-Second group (Propofol treated group): -
3 premedicated donkeys with xylazine HCl (1.1 mg/Kg bwt) were injected slowly I/V with Propfol at a dose of (2.0 mg/kg bwt).
3-Third group (Ketamine +Propofol combination group): -
3 premedicated donkeys with xylazine HCl (1.1 mg/Kg bwt) were injected I/V with a combination of (ketamine 1.5 mg/kg bwt + propofol 0.5 mg/kg bwt).
Water and food were suspended for 24 hours before induction of anesthetic drugs. Intravenous catheter G (21) was used for injection of the drugs through the jugular vein.
Anesthetic and some physiological parameters were inspected in-stantly. Each group of animals was examined before anesthesia, during anesthesia and until complete recovery.
6.1. evaluation of anesthetic effect:
Anesthetic effect was evaluated through recording the onset and the duration of anesthesia by testing the absence and regaining of different body reflexes (Palpebral, Corneal reflex, Eye pupil reflex, Ear pinch reflex, Mandibular tone reflex, Tongue pinch reflex, Anal reflex, Tail pinch reflex, response to Pin prick test) in addition to complete recovery.
There were significant differences among the three groups in onset and duration, ketamine HCl + xylazine treated group showed delayed onset and short duration followed by propofol + xylazine treated group. While ketamine HCl +propofol + xylazine group showed rapid onset and long duration
6.2. effects on clinico-physiological parameters:
Some clinic-physiological parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate) were recorded 15 minutes before intra venous administration of anesthetic drugs (as base line), 15,30 45,60 and 90 minutes after injection
Rectal temperature showed marked decrease specially xylazine + ketamine HCl +propofol treated group.
Marked decrease in respiratory rate was noticed specially in xylazine +ketamine HCl+propofol treated group during first period after injection that gradually return to base line. Other groups also show decrease in respiratory rate during first period after injection followed by fluctuation till returning to base line.
As for heart rate, marked increase is noticed in donkeys treated with xylazine + propofol, xylazine + ketamine HCl as well, while marked decreased heart rate was recorded in donkeys treated with xylazine+ ketamine HCl+ propofol. changes of heart rate return gradually to base line by the end of experiment.
6.3. Hematological findings:
Blood samples were collected 15 minutes before intravenous administration of anesthetic drugs to be considered as base line, then samples were collected 15 min, 30 min, 45 min,60 min and 90 min. after injection.
Minor flactuation was recorded in RBCs count, WBCs count and hemoglobin level, no significant differences were recorded in platelets count, hematocrit or other parameters.
6.4. Biochemical parameters:
Some biochemical parameters were recorded including liver func-tions (AST &ALT), kidney functions (urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), blood glucose level and total protein. these parameters were measured 15 min. before treatment to be considered as base line, then 15 min ,30 min, 45 min, 60 min and 90 min. after administration of anesthetic drugs.
Marked increase in ALT level specially in xylazine + ketamine HCl treated donkeys, while no significant variation in AST level among treated donkeys.
Significant increase in blood urea level was recorded, while minute decrease in creatinine level was noticed specially in xylazine + ketamine HCl + propofol treated donkeys. blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level show marked elevation specially in xylazine + ketamine HCl treated donkeys.
Blood glucose level showed significant increase specially in donkeys treated with xylazine+ propofol, while total protein level slightly decreased.