الفهرس 
Introduction and Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Birds are such a diverse assemblage that some orders must be found among them so that we can better understands their relationships. Modern bird phylogenetic relationship has developed methods for looking at the relationships of birds. In the past, most of these methods were based on morphological features, whereas today a lot of work is being done on an examination of the molecular similarities between birds. Birds play an important role in biodiversity and in other fields. There are a large number of birds in world and there is need to differentiate them by modern methods.
The aim of the present work is to study the phylogenetic relationship of some bird that have the same order and family inhabiting Damietta and differentiate between them using morphometric measurements, histological study and molecular study measurements.
The present work was designed to study:
. Firstly, morphometric measurements: these include performance parameter, wing measurements, bill dimensions, head measurements, fore limb and hind limb measurements.
. Secondly, histological studies of the esophagus and liver for all collected birds.
. Thirdly, molecular genetic assays including, DNA extraction, PCR Reaction and RAG-1 gene sequencing in all studied birds.
The present work resulted in:
Morphological and skeletal measurements of five species of birds revealed the following results:
Rails (Rallus aquaticus, Porzana porzana and Zapornia parva)
Rallus aquaticus and Porzana porzana had larger body length and body weight than Zapornia parva.
- Porzana porzana had larger bill width and depth than Rallus aquaticus and Zapornia parva, but Rallus aquaticus had larger bill length than Porzana porzana and Zapornia parva.
- The foregoing results showed that most of wing parameters and sterna-related characters were larger.