الفهرس 
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Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body with many several functions. It acts as a barrier between the animal and the surrounding environment. Also, skin may share or reflect the pathologic processes from other tissues. Dermatologic problems are among the most usually seen disorders in veterinary hospitals. It is important for the veterinarian to recognize and understand the physiology of the skin and receive an experience about the most common dermatologic disorders affecting both dogs and cats.
The aim of the present study is to report gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical exams of veterinary dermatology performed during the period of 2018 to 2020 at the Alexandria Veterinary Medicine Directorate and Private Clinics at Alexandria, Egypt. During this period, one hundred animals (76 dogs, 24 cats) were examined, and the results were grouped and presented according to species, breed, age, sex, anatomical localization of lesions and disease category (Infectious, Miscellaneous and Neoplastic skin affections). This investigation is to determine the prevalence of skin affections, as well as its histopathological classification and prevalence in different breeds of dogs and cats.
The total number of skin affections in the examined dogs and cats were one hundred. The highest percentage of affections was neoplastic skin affections (67%) followed by infectious skin affections (18%), and then miscellaneous skin affections (15%). The highest percentage of affections was detected in dogs (76%), then cats (24%). The female animals were more affected (64%), than the male ones (36%). The female cats were of the highest incidence for affections (79.17%) followed by female dogs (59.21%). Among animal breeds, German shepherd dogs (44.73%) and Persian cats (75%) were the most affected animals.
The highest percentage of infectious skin affections estimated as flea allergy dermatitis (dogs 24.14%, cats 75%) followed by juvenile onset canine localized demodicosis (dogs 17.24%), juvenile onset canine generalized demodicosis (dogs 3.45%), dermatophytosis (dogs 3.45%) and feline gangrenous mastitis (cats 25%).
The highest percentage of miscellaneous skin affections was found as primary irritant contact dermatitis (dogs 31.03%) followed by food allergic dermatitis (dogs 13.79%) then epidermal necrolysis (dogs 3.45%) and thermal burns (dogs 3.45%).
The highest percentage of skin neoplastic changes were in form of canine transmissible venereal tumor (dogs 15.76 %) followed by fibroma (dogs 5.25%, cats 8.33%), cutaneous papillomatosis (papillomatous subtype; dogs 3.95%), fibrosarcoma (dogs 1.32%, cats 8.33%), cutaneous histiocytoma (dogs 3.95%), Bulb type tricholemmoma (inferior type; cats 8.33%), lipoma (dogs 2.62%), squamous cell carcinoma (cats 4.17%), hepatoid gland adenoma (dogs 1.32%), simple sebaceous gland adenoma (dogs 1.32%), anal sac gland fibroadenoma (dogs 1.32%), apocrine ductal adenoma (dogs 1.32%), cystic papillary adenocarcinoma of the ceruminous gland (dogs 1.32%), myxosarcoma (dogs 1.32%), myxoid leiomyoma (dogs 1.32%), leiomyosarcoma (dogs 1.32%), myxoid leiomyosarcoma (dogs 1.32%) and histiocytic sarcoma with apocrine cyst (dogs 1.32%).
In the current study, several types of mammary gland neoplasia were reported. The highest percentage of mammary neoplasia was in the form of tubular carcinoma in cats (25%) followed by leiomyosarcoma in dogs (3.95%), fibroadenomatous change in cats (8.33 %), cystic papillary carcinoma in dogs (2.62%), micropapillary invasive Carcinoma in dogs (1.32%), in cats (4.17%), lipid‐rich (secretory) carcinoma in cats (8.33%), fibrosarcoma in dogs (2.62%), duct ectasia and lobular hyperplasia with secretory activity (lactational) in cats (4.17%), intraductal papillary adenoma in dogs (1.32%), fibromyxoma in cats (4.17%), solid carcinoma in dogs (1.32%), intraductal papillary carcinoma in dogs (1.32%) and then carcinosarcoma – malignant mixed mammary tumor in dogs (1.32%).
In conclusion, dog was the most affected animal rather than the cat. Moreover, female animals were highly affected rather than the male ones. The highest percentage was found in neoplastic skin affections. However, the most common tumor was canine transmissible venereal tumor in dogs and tubular carcinoma in mammary gland in cats. To our knowledge, the second recorded case in the world of micropapillary invasive carcinoma in male cat was recorded in addition to the third recorded case in the world of lipid-rich carcinoma in female cat was also recorded. There was a close relationship between the expression of nuclear antigen Ki-67 and estrogen receptors in mammary gland tumor