الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Sand that comprises high purity silica grains, in large percent, is of the best naturally
occurring grains that can be used as proppants during hydraulic fracturing processes.
Proppants are used to increase formations’ permeability; to increase reservoirs’ productivity,
or to reopen plays and utilize unconventional reservoirs. The potentiality of these grains to be
used as frac proppants is determined according to certain physical, mechanical, petrographical
and chemical evaluations that include particle size analysis, acid solubility, turbidity, bulk
density, crush resistance and hardness, sphericity and roundness, mineral and chemical
composition. The thesis shows the characterization of the sand samples collected from Malha
Formation in Wadi El Dakhal, Eastern Desert, Egypt; Naqus Formation in Wadi Qena,
Eastern Desert, Egypt; and Bahariya Formation at Gabal El-Dist area in Bahariya Oasis,
Western Desert, Egypt.