الفهرس 
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Abstract
The burns are a unique wound type differ from other wound types need a special and rapid care to save life and reduce its wide complications. So, many researchers focused on burn wound healing for rapid regeneration with minimal complications. Use of nanotechnology in burn healing is a promising approach hoping to be effective without any side effects comparing with commercial drugs available in the markets. This experimental investigation conducted to explore and compare the effect of two gelatin loaded nanoparticles on burn wound healing.
Fourteen Male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this investigation. Each rabbit was subjected to two square-shape deep second degree burns on the back-side skin through using a handmade plate heated in boiling water after being anesthetized with xylazine HCL followed by ketamine HCL. Wounds were subjected to debridement on the 3rd day of induction. The burns were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=7) for each group. The treatment protocol was as following.
▪ group 1: 7 wounds on the right side of 7 animals, received no treatment only washed with saline 0.09% (negative control).
▪ group 2: 7 wounds on the right side of 7 animals, received only thin layer of gelatin gel (positive control)
▪ group 3: 7 wounds on the left side of 7 animals, treated with a thin layer of Ag2O NP/gelatin gel.
▪ group 4: 7 wounds on the left side of 7animals, treated with a thin layer of TiO₂ NP/gelatin gel.
-Treatment was carried out by daily application for 14 successive days.
Wound assessment
The wounds were photographed weekly for 3 weeks and the wound area calculated through the red or black label with known dimensions (2 x 1.5 cm) and the photographs introduced into image J software for calculation of wound area and contraction rate.
Tissue samples were taken from 2 animals in 1st week and 2nd week and from the remaining 3 animals of each group in 3rd week for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. The expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in tissues were examined through using TGF-β1 and α-SMA antibodies to evaluate the regenerative effect of TiO₂ NP/ gelatin and Ag2O NP/ gelatin
The study cleared the superiority of TiO₂ NP/ gelatin in burn healing as the clinical features revealed a significant difference in the wound healing in TiO₂ NP/ GE and Ag2O NP/GE groups comparing with control groups in the third week with better healing and less scarring. While the histopathological parameters conflict and approved the clinical results through the rapid re-epithelization, good level of angiogenesis, and less inflammatory reactionS with eosinophils infiltration with restoring of skin appendages. Such parameters approved the good healing process of the treated nanoparticles/gelatin groups compared with control groups. The results of TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression confirmed the clinical and histopathological features and were in good parallel. The area % of TGF-β1 was in higher level in the first week then decreased gradually to clear the anti-inflammatory activity of TiO₂ NP/gelatin and Ag2O NP/GE groups especially that of TiO₂ NP/gelatin group. Moreover, the significant difference of α-SMA in both nanoparticles/gelatins treated groups indicate the angiogenic effect of them. So, both groups could be used in burn wounds due to their ability in acceleration of and regenerate the burn wounds through accelerate wound contraction, rapid epithelization, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effect with minimal scarring.
Conclusion:
The findings of the present study suggest the safety and effectiveness of the prepared TiO2 NP/GE composite and could be considered as a therapeutic option in burn wound healing due to accelerate burn wound healing through earlier wound contraction and angiogenic effect. The results of the present study also suggest that the treatment with Ag2O NP/GE composite has offered potential advantages in the deep second degree burn healing acceleration and has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. In addition, its potential to minimize scar formation.
Future Aspects and recommendation:
Further and more investigations still needed to evaluate the healed skin tensile strength, exact mechanism of action of TiO₂ NPs in burn wound healing, cumulative effect of them on tissues.