الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 93 |  |  |
| | | from | 93 | | |
Abstract
Treating cancer with chimeric antigen receptor T cells has made
significant achievement and has gradually become a crucial approach in
healing hematological malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell
therapy as an innovative treatment method has potential to change the
clinical outcome for many patients, but challenges still exist to be settled
before the therapy turns into a dominated therapeutic choice considering
its security and effectiveness. The development of chimeric antigen
receptor T cell treatment is impeded by serious adverse reactions, such as
the release of cytokine, neurotoxicity, tumor lysis syndrome, off-tumor
target toxicity, as well as labor-intensity and high cost. On the other hand,
the occurrence of recidivation is also a primary challenge.
Despite many issues, chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy is
indisputably a promising tool for the future adoptive cancer
immunotherapy and increasing clinical trials for blood cancer have been
registered. Unlike general T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells are
not restricted by major histocompatibility complex when they recognize
tumor-associated antigens. Encouragingly, many methods of reducing
cytotoxicity and increasing chimeric antigen receptor T cells’ curative
effect have been developed and have made significant progress through
regulating the chimeric antigen receptor T cellcells cytoactivity
In order to ensure long-term benefits, future studies may need to seek
targets with enhanced safety and efficacy or incorporate novel chimeric
antigen receptor constructs. There’s numerous evidence showing that
combination therapies were also decent choices to enhance therapeutic
efficacy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell cells therapy combined with checkpoint blocking antibodies or small molecule inhibitors have shown
inspiring results than single-drug approach.
The most important determinant of the success of CAR T cell therapy
is the choice of the target antigen. The optimal CAR T cell target antigen
is one that is consistently expressed on the surface of malignant cells but
not on the surface of non-malignant cells. If CAR T cells are able to
recognize a target expressed on non-malignant cells, severe toxicities
could ensue. To date, no antigen has been identified that is strongly and
uniformly expressed on MM cells but not on non-malignant cells. Of the
antigens identified so far, B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a member
of the TNF superfamily, has the most favourable expression pattern for a
MM cell-directed CAR target.