الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer is a complicated hyperproliferative disease marked by genetic abnormalities, epigenetic alterations, abnormal enzyme machinery, and faulty signaling pathways (Sarfraz et al., 2020). Cancer is caused by a succession of mutations or chromosomal changes that enable a cell to avoid pro-apoptotic and growth-inhibitory signals and to be self-sufficient in growth signals, allowing it to divide indefinitely (Bajaj et al., 2020).Seven fundamental physiological changes that are often recognized as cancer hallmarks encapsulate the complicated repertoire of cancer biology (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011; Fouad and Aanei, 2017). selective proliferative advantage, altered stress response, metabolic rewiring, replicative immune modulation, invasion and metastasis, vascularization, and an abetting microenvironment (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011; Fouad and Aanei, 2017). These biological capabilities enable cancer cells to become the master of their fate.Cancer is a multistage mechanism initiated by aggression from one transformed cell to another with rapid multiplication, invasion, and metastasis (Aggarwal and Shishodia, 2006). A set of accumulative changes, including both epigenetics and genetic alterations, that occur in a normal cell can produce cancer through unregulated proliferation (Hoff and Machado, 2012). Unregulated growth of these abnormal cells gradually turns into a cancerous growth over time, and these tumor cells may grow to a larger size and interfere with other parts of the body (Hoff and Machado, 2012).