الفهرس 
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Abstract
Solar radiation data in hours and days are considered one of the important design tools for several solar energy applications. The objective of this work is to develop a model to calculate the hourly solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface in Beni-Suef City, Egypt via a validated simulation model. This model will help the researchers in upper Egypt’s universities along with the designing of solar energy projects in the Beni-Suef City residential and industrial zones. The average solar radiation is calculated on hourly and daily bases along the year, then the monthly average solar radiation is estimated. Results indicated that the maximum value of solar radiation in June, 2019 was 8.1 kWh/m2/day. Solar radiation is also calculated with several tilt angles to find out the optimum tilt angle that enable the surface to receive maximum solar radiation. The calculations focused on empirical equations of solar radiation and the experimental measurements obtained from the nearest station to the location. The model describes solar equations that can be used to estimate global irradiance. Also, it shows the parameters of the system and climate change of the specific site (Beni-Suef City). Results are validated by comparison between the measured, calculated, and published reference data for the specific site and obtained good agreement with each other. It is found also that the optimal tilt angle that receives maximum solar radiation is 29 deg. which comply with the latitude angle of Beni-Suef city. Solar energy has a good potential for using in several agriculture applications especially in rural and isolated areas and can be considered as clean substitution fuel instead of fossil fuels. The photovoltaic water pumping system has become one of the best alternative irrigation methods. This study presents a procedure for estimating the appropriate size of a photovoltaic system designed to power a pumping system for four irrigation methods (surface, sprinkler, drip, and developed surface irrigation) under climate condition for three crops namely (cotton, thin corn and soybean) in Summer and three crops namely (wheat, Bean and Barley) in winter. The solar simulation model is estimated the hydraulic power, photovoltaic (PV) peak power, PV required area, total system costs and specific water demand according to the type of crop under different irrigation methods in three different geographical locations in Egypt and at different total dynamic head:50,100 and 200 m. As a comparison between the required water demand in several irrigation systems, it is found that the percentage of the amount of water demand per Fadden (m3/F) related to surface irrigation system for summer crops such as cotton crop in case developed surface, sprinkler, drip irrigation was 85.7 %, 79.9 %, 66.7 % respectively. While in case of thin corn crop was 74.3 %, 79.9 %, 66.7 % and for Soybean was 85.7 %, 79.9 %, 66.6 % respectively. In winter crops, the percentage of the amount of water demand per Fadden (m3/F) related to surface irrigation system for wheat crop was 85.6 %, 79.9%, 66.7 % and 85.7%, 0.8 %, 66.7% for bean crop and was 85.7 %, 79.9%, 66.6 % for Barley crop respectively.