الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 108 |  |  |
| | | from | 108 | | |
Abstract
Background: Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) and Rift Valley Fever (RVF) are insect-borne viral diseases that affect cattle, causing great economic losses in animal production and reproduction. The application of a good vaccination schedule includes safe and effective vaccines that are necessary for successful prevention and control. Aim: The current study explored the effect of simultaneous administration of BEF and RVF vaccines on the humoral immune response of calves. Methods: Four groups of BEF and RVF seronegative calves were used; group-1 received cell culture BEF vaccine that inactivated on time of use, group-2 received inactivated RVF vaccine, group-3 demonstrated BEF and RVF vaccines, and group4 as a control group. SNT and indirect ELISA used to measure humoral immune response. Results: BEF antibody titers detected by SNT in the 1st-week post 1st vaccination as 6 log2 in a group (1) and 5.2 log2 in a group (3). group (1&3) showed peak SNT titer (128 log2) by the 4th-week post 2nd vaccination and the 3rd-month post-second vaccination respectively, and remain within protective antibodies titer (≥32 log2) until the 6th-month post-2nd dose. Follow up RVF- SNT antibody titers in the 1st-week post 1st vaccination were 3.2 log2 in a group (2) and 4.4 log2 in a group (3). Both groups showed peak titers of RVF-SNT by the 3rd-week post last vaccination by a mean titer 70.4 in a group (2) and 102.4 in a group (3) and declined to 3.6 log2 in both groups at the 6th-month post-2nd dose. ELISA confirmed the SNT results. Conclusion: There was no antagonizing effect between two vaccines on the calves’ immune response against each other as all vaccinated calves augmented good levels of BEF and RVF specific antibodies. Therefore, calves are vaccinated simultaneously against BEF and RVF safely with protective titers of antibodies.