الفهرس 
Aim of studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 243 |  |  |
| | | from | 243 | | |
Abstract
Renal failure has become a global epidemic. It is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and decreased survival. As the kidneys play a central role in the regulation of body fluids, electrolytes and acid-base balance, CKD and ESRD predictably result in multiple derangements including hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia which, in turn, lead to serious complications including muscle wasting, bone-mineral disorder, vascular calcification and mortality. The management of renal failure are focused on nutrition therapy, drug and dialysis. Unfortunately, the positive effects of drug and dialysis are counteracted by serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new nutritional therapy that can improve kidney function in renal failure disease. Nutritional treatment has always represented a major feature of renal failure management. The strict control of serum phosphorus and potassium concentrations is important for the prevention of various complications and improving the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease. Hyperphosphataemia and hyperkalemia managed using binders including calcium carbonate, lanthanum carbonate, carbonate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate and sevelamer carbonate. Unfortunately, the positive effects of these drugs are counteracted by serious side effects such as increased risk of gastrointestinal intolerance, particularly nausea, toxicity and adynamic bone disease. Hyperkalemia in CKD is often caused by the excessive ingestion of potassium- rich foods more than recommended of dietary intake of potassium to the renal failure patients. Hyperphosphatemia is usually caused by increased intake of phosphorus more that recommended intake in renal failure. Therefore, it is necessary to resort to a nutritional therapy to Control of serum phosphorus and potassium in RF is done by identify percent of recommended phosphorus& potassium and taking the recommended dietary intake of phosphorus and potassium by identify how restricting dietary phosphate and potassium intake and identify low and high foods in phosphorus and potassium in each food groups to choose foods low in phosphorus and potassium such as chicory, chickpea, corn, olive oil, apple and soy milk. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the effect of low phosphorus & potassium diets and sevelamer carbonate drug comparative study.
Forty-eight adult male albino rats at (9–10) weeks age, initially weighting about (280±10 g), Rats were fed a standard diet for one week as an adaptation period. Following an acclimatization period, rats were randomly divided into six groups. The experiment was carried out in two periods.in the first period (35 days), the rats were developed renal failure by fed rats diet containing adenine (0.25% w/w in feed daily for 35 days), except first group as a negative control group. In the second period (12 week) the renal failure rat groups were divided into five groups. The rats were divided as follows:
• First main group: Negative control group (sham group) (n=8)
Rats fed on basal diet only.
• Second main group: Renal failure groups (n=40)
Renal failure rats were divided into five subgroups (8 rats each), according the following:
• Subgroup (1):
Rats fed on the basal diet as control positive group.
• Subgroup (2):
Rats fed on the basal diet and received a daily drug in diet (1000 mg/kg /day).
• Subgroup (3):
Rats fed on diet which represent 25% from the RDI of the rat from the phosphorus & potassium
• Subgroup (4):
Rats fed on diet which represent 50% from the RDI of the rat from the phosphorus & potassium
• Subgroup (5):
Rats fed on diet which represent 75% from the RDI of the rat from the phosphorus & potassium