الفهرس 
فهرس الموضوعاتيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
This study is entitled “Thermal Extremes and Their Effects on Some Ancient Egyptian Monuments”. It aims at examining cases of thermal extremes during the period from (1980- 2020) and determining the ratio of repetition regarding high and low thermal extremes along with its intensity along with showing its effects and its relationship with process of exposures to adverse climate conditions prevailing sites of ancient Egyptian monuments. The importance of this study resides in connecting climate studies with archeological studies along with investigating scientific facts that result in the relationship between thermal extremes and features of damage among stones out of which Egyptian monuments was constructed so as to find possible solutions to limits this damage and decrease the cost of ancient Egyptian monuments restoration. The current study is made up of five chapters preceded by an introduction and concluded with a conclusion as follows : Chapter One : Deals with the Distribution and Geographical Analysis of Ancient Egyptian Monuments Sites. It reveals that Egypt contains 1322 ancient Egyptian archeological sites that mainly reside in the valley and the Delta. from the spatial analysis, it became clear that archeological sites extend from the South to the North direction and that their numbers differ from one governorate to another in dispersion rather than focused distribution. Chapter Two : Investigates The Factors that Affects Thermal Extremes. It shows that natural forces such as astronomical and geographical sites along with the distribution of land, water, surface features and climatic factors affect thermal extremes “with its types: high and low”. It also reveals that this change increases gradually whenever we go away from the costs “regarding high thermal extremes” and increases heading north “regarding low thermal extremes”. As for human factors, the study shows that they contribute in increasing the rates of extreme temperature as a result of population masses, industrial accumulation and transportation. Moreover, the study shows that this ratio increases in the valley and the Delta. Chapter Three : Investigates Features of Thermal Extremes. It reveals that the ratio of the repeatability of high thermal extremes reaches 35 C and more increasing at all stations in spring, summer and autumn. It also shows that the repeatability of 40 C increases at all stations in summer and autumn while the repeatability of 45 C increases at all stations in summer and autumn. The ratio of the repeatability of low thermal extremes is 10 C and less increasing at all stations in winter, spring and autumn and the repeatability of 5 C and less increases at all stations in winter and spring while the repeatability of 0 C and less increases at most of the stations during winter. These results came clear through diagrams of time tables of high and low temperatures. Chapter Four : Examines Analysis of Space- Time and Direction Analysis of Thermal Extremes. It shows that high thermal extremes increases in the Egyptian Delta, the Nile Valley and the South of the area under study while law thermal extremes increases in the north of the area under study specifically at the stations of West the area under study. Through establishing a model of thermal extremes and thermal scope, a strong relation was noticed between them through matching. Chapter Five : This chapter aims at examining The Effect of Thermal Extremes on Ancient Egyptian Monuments. It is conducted through studying the factors that causes damage at archeological sites. A field study shows that the recorded temperature differs from one place to another at KomOmbo and PhilaeTempleswhere there is more high temperature at the side facing the sun than the other side facing shade. This results in a difference in temperature scope between each part facing heat than other sides. Lab experiment reveals that the more the stone’s temperature, the more the stone’s heat and the stone’s color heat; the thing that results in speeding in stone’s losing heat in darker stones than in lighter ones. Conclusion : Summarizes the most important results and recommendations of this study.