الفهرس 
Risk factors can be categorized into strong, moderate and weak risk factorsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in case of being missed. Therefore, there are an increase in laboratory testing and Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) in the recent years The most common clinical presentations of patients with PE in the Emergency Department are shortness of breath and chest pain. In addition to these nonspecific presentations, patients also may come with syncope, even disturbed conscious level (DCL). The clinical gestalt has been reviewed in numerous studies but it still lacks standardization Therefore, clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been designed and considered to help physicians in PE diagnosis. These rules aim to increase the effectiveness of evaluation of patients with suspected PE. Application of CDRs in the Emergency Department will help busy emergency physicians in categorizing patients with suspected PE into low and high probability.Application of any of them in the Emergency Department take a long-time in relation to busy emergency physician. In addition to presence of subjective criteria in Wells Criteria. Therefore, a new CDRs are designed to overcome these obstacles and to make them easily applied in the Emergency Department.One of these new CDRs is the YEARS Items, that include only 3 easily applied items. YEARS Items is considered a modification of Wells Criteria as it includes 3 criteria from the Wells Criteria. Also, D-Dimer is added to YEARS Items to help Emergency physicians in categorizing patients presenting with suspected PE.D-dimer Assay Guided Moderation of Adjusted Risk (DAGMAR Score0is another non-invasive CDR that designed to help in assessment of patients with