الفهرس 
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Abstract
The gallbladder stones and cholecystitis prevalence are highly variable through the world with different distribution among several ethnicities. In general Gallstones are common in the adult affecting more than 10 to 15% of the adult population.
In the Middle East gallstones and subsequent cholecystectomy is one of the most common operation performed in general surgical units. It represents up to 57% of major elective surgery and about 43% of emergency surgery this percentage is even higher in developed countries. Although most gallstones are usually clinically silent, 20% of people having stones experience true biliary symptoms at some time; 1% to 2% of patients each year could experience complications and require surgical removal of the gallbladder. Yet the number of operations for cholelithiasis has increased since 1950 in developed countries. Since the frequency of gallbladder surgeries was six times higher in the United States than in Western Europe. Gallstone disease in Europe, however, is similar to that in the United States, with a median prevalence in large population surveys ranging from 5.9% to 21.9%. The reason for this disparity could possible not lie in the prevalence of cholelithiasis prese, but most likely represent differences in surgical practice. Ever since the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1989 further increased the cholecystectomy rate in the United States and the United Kingdom, there was a 28% increase in the numbers of cholecystectomies performed in the late nineties. The possible explanation for this increase is that laparoscopy is less invasive, providing a lower surgical risk and better patient acceptance compared with conventional (open) surgery, therefore leading to more surgeries in patients previously thought too high a risk or in those with minimal symptoms. Although there is undoubtedly an element of overuse, cholecystectomy is now the most common elective abdominal surgery performed in the United States, with more than 750,000 operations annually. The rate of cholecystectomy has notably increased in Egypt, probably owing to increased awareness and improved governmental health services. Given the Unique medical problems in Egypt the decision to either proceed with surgical intervention or not is particularly important for Egyptians, where gallstones may be associated with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or viral hepatitis, rendering cholecystectomy hazardous owing to vascular adhesions taking into consideration the impact on their quality of life knowing that majority of Egyptian are suffering from compromised quality of life to begin with. The objectives of the study were to determine risk factors for calcular cholecystitis and assess the determinants of quality of life after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The study was conducted in the Surgery department, Menoufia University Hospital, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. Patients were first introduced to the study and consented for the study at the surgery outpatients’ clinics during the preoperative settings and guided to fill out the chosen questionnaires and filling out other important information. Patients’ understanding and readiness to fill out the questionnaire without help were assessed. Assistance was offered accordingly.