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Abstract Microcytic hypochromic anemia is a very common hematological abnormality in clinical practice. Iron deficiency anemia IDA and beta thalassemia trait (BTT) are the most common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia. The differentiation between both types of anemias is important. RDW was the first index in the routine blood count to become abnormal during the development of IDA. RDWI is a another red cell index had been used to discriminate between both types of anemia. This study, conducted in hematology outpatient clinic, Children ’s Hospital Assuit University, aiming to evaluate the reliability of RDW and RDWI in differentiation between iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia trait. |