الفهرس 
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Abstract
study was carried out in the Central Laboratory of Development of Date Palm Research at Aswan and a private farm in Abo-El-Rish Region, Aswan governorate during the period from 2017-2021.
The propagation process was started with the selection of healthy offshoots from mother date palm trees of dry cultivar Sakkoty were obtained from palms grown in Aswan at March 2017. The young offshoots were of 3-4 years; ranging in weight from 10-15 kg and about 70-100 cm in length.
The selected young offshoots were carefully transferred to the laboratory after separation from mother tree and then prepared by removing the adventitious roots, fibrous sheath and leaves by knife. Removing leaves from offshoots were continued until the white soft leaves nearer the apical meristem had appeared. The apical meristem plus few leaf primordia was used as explant material. These explants were used as an initial explant material for direct embryogenesis. The basal nutrient medium was Murashige and Skoog (1962) . Starting experiment data were recorded as browning % and Swelling %. Then, multiplicationexperiment data were registered as average number of embryos and its length as well as Multiplication rate . in addition, Embryos growth and development stage the data were studied number of shoots, Shoot length (cm), number of leaves and number of roots. As well as,rooting of developed shoots data were recorded number of roots, number of adventitious roots, roots length (cm), number of leaves and Leaves length (cm). Lastly, DNA Fingerprinting using ISSR technique to estimate the genetic similarity between the mother plant and plant tissue culture-derived. The results could be summarized as follow the highest significant value of explant swelling was observed with medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D , 0.5 mg/l 2ip , 0.5 mg/l NAA , 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.2 mg/l ( BA +Kin ) as compared to other treatments . Concerning to the multiplication stage observed that the highest significant value of embryo number and multiplication rate were regarded with culture medium of adding (0.1 ml g/L BA+ 0.1 ml g/L Kin ) as the value were 430 embryos and 1.4 respectively . Whilst ,growth and development stage the results emphasized that low concentrations of BA and Kin resulted in a significant increase in the number of shoots and length of shoots. Regarding to rooting experiment Such results demonstrated that different concentrations of NAA resulted in a significant increase in the number of roots , adventitious roots and length of roots . Finally, making Fingerprinting using ISSR technique by five ISSR primers were used individually to amplify DNA fragments using genomic DNA of mother plant and plant tissue culture-drived to detect somaclonal variation percentage and similarity indices . Similarity coefficient showed that the similarity percentage was 91.43 between tissue culture drived and mother tree of date palm .
Conclusion
from the obtained results, it could be concluded that the highest significant value of explant swelling was observed with medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D , 0.5 mg/l 2ip, 0.5 mg/l NAA , 0.5 mg/l IAA and 0.2 mg/l ( BA +Kin) as compared to other treatments . Concerning to the multiplication stage observed that the highest significant value of embryo number and multiplication rate were regarded with culture medium of adding (0.1 ml g/L BA+ 0.1 ml g/L Kin ). Whilst,growth and development stage the results emphasized that low concentrations of BA and Kin resulted in a significant increase in the number of shoots and length of shoots. Regarding to rooting experiment such results demonstrated that different concentrations of NAA resulted in a significant increase in the number of roots and it is length . Finally, making Fingerprinting using ISSR technique and showed that the similarity percentage was 100% between tissue culture-derived plants and mother tree of date palm.