الفهرس 
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Abstract
Oral health maintenance can be achieved by applying effective oral hygiene measures such as, regular brushing, improving dietary habits and regular dental check-up visits. Application of antimicrobial agents as a supplementary measure may also help to reduce plaque accumulation and promote oral health.
Due to the restriction of use of chemical antimicrobial agent in pediatric age group who are more susceptible to drugs side effects. Thus, natural products attract the attention of many researchers to investigate the antimicrobial activity of these products.
This double blinded randomized clinical trial was designed to investigate and compare the antiplaque and antimicrobial effect of propolis incorporated in chewing gum and mouthwash formulae. It was also intended to evaluate which vehicle is more preferable for children who were considered at high caries risk.
Sixty healthy cooperative children who are at high risk of caries were selected. Their age ranged from 6-8 years. They were randomly selected from outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.
All participants received a new toothbrush and toothpaste for use during the study with intensive oral hygiene instruction that were reinforced at each visit. In addition, oral prophylaxis was scheduled two days before baseline assessment.
Children who used chewing gum were instructed to chew a piece of gum for at least 20 minutes once after breakfast and another before bed time for two weeks. While children who
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used mouthwash were instructed to rinse with the whole amount present in the preloaded tube for 60 seconds twice daily once after breakfast and another before bedtime for two weeks.
Quantitative assessment of supragingival plaque accumulation using plaque index and microbiological laboratory cultivation methods of microbial plaque samples were carried out for each child at baseline and after two weeks.
At the final visit each participant were asked to rate the type of treatment that received by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
The results showed that both propolis vehicles significantly reduce plaque accumulation and microbial count (P ≤ 0.001) at the end of treatment period whereas participant preferred the chewing gum formulae.