الفهرس 
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Abstract
Many people suffer from hip fractures, especially people suffering from osteoporosis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 13% of men and 40% of women suffer from fractures resulting from the osteoporosis. In 1990, hip fractures resulting from osteoporosis totaled 1.7 million worldwide, expected to increase to 6.3 million by 2050.At Singapore General Hospital, physicians diagnose 350 cases of hip fractures annually. Usually, a physician spends two rounds or more visual inspection of each X-ray image before the diagnosis. This long time of the check may affect the patient’s healthcare and the inspection accuracy due to the stress on the physicians themselves. On the other hand, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) Systems help in overcoming most manual inspection problems. Therefore, the computer determines different types of femur fracture. CAD is an important research subject in medical imaging and diagnostic radiology, allowing radiologists to use the computer output as a second opinion to make the final decisions. Many people suffering from hip fractures, especially people with osteoporosis, and manual inspection of X-ray images are slow and expensive. This thesis proposes a multi-stage CAD system for the classification of the femur. The proposed system consists of two stages in phase one aims to classify different fractures for femur X-ray and predicts osteoporosis in the second phase.