الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different natural irrigations (Aloe vera and Propolis), as root canal irrigants regarding to: Canal cleanliness and Microhardness of root canal dentin.
Sixty extracted human single rooted premolar teeth were used. Decoronation was done and standardization of length at 16 mm. Grooves were performed on the external mesial and distal surfaces to facilitate splitting after instrumentation. Samples were divided into two equal parts (30 each) according to the method of evaluation.
Part I: For evaluation of canal cleanliness.
Part II: For evaluation of microhardness of root canal dentin.
Each part was further subdivided into three equal groups (10 each) according to the type of irrigant being used:
• group (1): 90% Aloe vera
• group (2): 4% Propolis
• group (3): 2.6% Sodium hypochlorite.
Regarding to part I, root canal instrumentation, longitudinal sectioning of the samples were done. Images of the split roots were done by Stereomicroscope. Using the image analysis software, percentage of debris for each third was calculated. from each group two representative samples were selected blindly and
Summery and Conclusion
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gold sputtered to be viewed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the smear layer removal.
Regarding to Part II, the root samples were longitudinally split and both halves of each sample were embedded in autopolymerized acrylic resin. The measurements were taken using Vicker’s microhardness tester at three thirds for each sample.
Data was collected and statistically analyzed.
The results of canal cleanliness by stereomicroscope showed that none of the different irrigations used resulted in total removal of the amount of debris. However, The highest value was found in samples irrigated by Sodium hypochlorite) followed by Aloe vera samples) while the lowest value was found in samples irrigated with Propolis. Statistically there was significant difference between Sodium hypochlorite samples and other two groups.
The results of canal cleanliness by scanning electron microscope was the same like the results of stereomicroscope where Aloe vera and Propolis showed least amount of smear layer followed by NaOCl
The results of microhardness showed that the highest mean of percentage change was recorded with propolis followed by NaOCl, while aloe vera recorded increase in microhardness. Statistically there was significant difference between all groups.
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Conclusion
Under the condition of the present study, it can be concluded that:
1. None of the tested irrigants was able for complete removal of canal debris.
2. 90% Aloe vera and 4% propolis as a root canal irrigants produced cleaned root canal walls even more 2.6% NaOCl.
3. 90% Aloe vera as root canal irrigant improved dentin microhardness.
4. Both 4% propolis and 2.6% NaOCl decreased microhardness of root canal dentin.
5. Apical third is almost always the most difficult area to clean.