الفهرس 
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Abstract
Avian influenza viruses became widely distributed in most Middle Eastern countries, causing great economic losses in poultry industry. The disease is caused by type A influenza viruses that belong to family Orthomyxoviridae. The viral genome is composed of eight segments of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA that code for 10 proteins.
In the present study genetically analysis of full HA gene of 10 isolates of H5N1and 10isolates of H9N2 virus and also 4(PB1, PB2, PA, NS) genes of 5 samples random selected from both viruses form chicken backyard in 2015. 5 genes (HA, PB1, PB2, PA, NS) were phylogentically analyzed resulting that H5N1 strains in the period from 2015 are belonging to clade 2.2.1.2 that related to 2006. In H9N2 10 isolates were sequenced for hemagglutinin gene and analyzed which genetically related to the G1 lineage in group B, similar to the circulating H9N2 strains in Egypt in 2013. The pathogenic determinant genes of 5 selected viruses show
re-assortment with different Eurasian subtypes that have genetic signatures for the avian mammalian transmission. Particularly, the non structural gene was genetically inherited from the highly pathogenic H7N7 that was recorded in human cases contact to infected chicken population.