الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study was devoted to evaluate the effect of storage periods, moisture content of wheat grains and fumigation with different doses of Phosphine on storage efficacy, seed germination, seedlings parameters and quality of wheat seeds. Moreover the study was extended to explore the load of mycobiota associated with wheat grains and the ability of some selected fungi to produce amylolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes. The following major results were achieved:
1- Storage periods of wheat seeds exerted a significant effect on germination percentages which showed regular decrease from 98.53% to 93.85%, 92.88% and 74.89% respectively, as a result of increasing storage periods from 0 to 3 to 6 and 9 months respectively.
2- Moisture content (MC) of wheat seeds (normal and 14%) significantly affected germination percentages of wheat seedlings with the highest being recorded under normal MC.
3- Fumigation of wheat seeds with phosphine at 0, 3, 5 and 7tablets/ton exerted a significant effect on germination percentages and the best was observed after treatment with 7tablets/ton of phosphine.
4- Germination percentage was significantly affected by the interaction between storage periods, MC and phosphine fumigation. The highest percentage of germination (98.54%) was observed at the beginning of storage period in sealed stored wheat seeds fumigated with 7tablets/ton of phosphine and adjusted at 14% MC. The minimum germination percentage (37.97 %) resulted from storage of wheat seeds for 9 months at 14% MC without fumigation with phosphine.
5- Speed of germination was significantly affected by the interaction between storage periods, moisture content and phosphine treatment. The highest value (0.984) was detected at the beginning of storage period under normal MC and fumigation with 5 tablets/ton and 7 tablets/ton of phosphine. The lowest value (0.660) was measured in wheat seeds stored for 9 months at 14% moister content.
6- The interaction among storage periods, moisture content and PH3 fumigation had a significant effect on abnormal seedlings. The highest value (18.333) was detected when wheat seeds were stored for 9 months at 14% MC without PH3 fumigation. On the other hand, the lowest value (0.860) occurred in wheat seeds treated with 7tablets/ton phosphine
7- Interactions among storage periods, moisture content and fumigation with phosphine had a significant effect on root and shoot lengths of wheat seedlings. The longest root length (15.77 cm) was obtained at 14% MC and fumigation with phosphine at the rate of 3tablets/ton for 3 months. The longest shoot length (13.70 cm) was measured at the beginning of storage period of seeds fumigated with 5tablets/ton of phosphine at normal MC.
8- Dry weight of root and shoot of wheat seedlings significantly responded to the interaction among storage periods, moister content and fumigation with phosphine. Maximum values of dry weight of root (0.149g) and shoot (0.104g) were recorded at normal moisture content and fumigation with phosphine at the rate of 5tablets/ton for 3 months.
9- Test weight (kg/ha) of wheat seeds significantly responded to the interactions among storage periods, moisture content and fumigation with phosphine. Maximum value of test weight (66.90 kg/ha) was recorded from wheat samples stored at normal MC and fumigation with 7 tablets/ton of PH3.
10- Seed index (1000 K. W.) of wheat was significantly affected by storage periods, moister content and fumigation with phosphine. Maximum value of seed index (75.37) was recorded after 3 months of storage at 14% MC and fumigation with phosphine at a rate of 7tablets/ton.
11- Gluten content of wheat flour was significantly affected by storage periods, moister content and phosphine fumigation. Maximum value of gluten content (11.233) was recorded in wheat flour after seed storage at normal MC and fumigation with 5tablets/ton phosphine at the beginning of storage period.
12- Fermentation time of wheat dough significantly responded to the interaction among storage periods, moister content and fumigation with phosphine. Maximum length of fermentation time (40.00) was recorded in dough samples from wheat seeds stored for 6 months at 14% MC and fumigated with phosphine at the rate of 5tablets/ton .
13- The interaction among storage periods, moisture content and fumigation with phosphine had a significant effect on flour percentage. Maximum value of flour percentage (83.12) was recorded from wheat seeds stored at normal MC and fumigated with 5tablets/ton phosphine at the beginning of storage period.
14- Coarse bran percentage was significantly affected by storage periods, moister content and fumigation with phosphine. Maximum value of coarse bran percentage (31.03) was produced from the samples of wheat seeds stored for 9 months at 14% MC without fumigation with phosphine.
15- Maximum value of fine bran percentage (12.173) was produced from non fumigated wheat seeds stored for 9 months at 14% MC.
16- Biology weight of wheat plants was significantly affected by storage periods, moisture content and PH3 fumigation. The highest value of biology weight (9.667) resulted from wheat seeds fumigated with 5tablets/ton and stored at rate of for 9 months.
17- Grain weight was significantly affected by the interaction between storage periods and fumigation with phosphine. The highest value of grain weight (27.32) was achieved after phosphine treatment (5 tablets/ ton) of wheat seeds and storage for 9 months.
18- The mycological analysis of wheat grains revealed the isolation of 57 fungal species belonging to 19 genera. Aspergillus and Alternaria contributed the broadest spectrum of fungal species (15 and 11species respectively). The most common species were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria infectoria.
19- The highest total count of fungi (130 CFU/75 seeds) was isolated from control samples whereas the lowest (23 CFU/75 seeds) was detected at the end of storage period.
20- Four fungal species were described as new records in Egypt based on sequence results of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes. Two species were identified as Alternaria ventricosa and Cladosporium allicinum, and the other two as possibly new species related to the genera Bipolaris and Alternaria.
21- Enzymatic activities of the newly recorded fungi (Alternaria ventricosa, Altennaria sp., Bipolaris sp. and Cladosporium allicinum) were explored in submerged fermentation. The four strains produced amylolytic, cellulolytic (endoglucanase and exoglucanase) and xylanolytic enzymes but with varying levels. Alternaria ventricosa AUMC 14510 and Alternaria sp. AUMC 14513 were the best producers gained 94.7 IU/ml and 82.9 IU/ml respectively.
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