الفهرس 
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Abstract
Many of reinforced concrete structures especially underground or
undersea are subjected to aggressive environmental conditions during their
exploitation. These conditions are represented by the aggressive sodium
sulfate attack from surrounding soil or underground water. When based
materials of cement are exposed to sodium sulfate attack gypsum and
ettringite are produced by chemical reactions of sulfate. Formation of
gypsum plays an important role in the damage of materials. According to
that the actual compressive strength of concrete elements decreases
accompanied with large deformations of concrete. Consequently, a higher
reduction of the construction durability occurs, so the need for using an
effective and economic admixture for protect concrete elements against
sulfate attack or any other environmental conditions is required. The main
purpose of this research is to study experimentally the effect of the local
admixture (BM2010) and its mechanism effect on the compressive strength
of concrete specimens subjected to external sulfate attack. The suggested
admixture which containing in their compositions wastes from industries
(BM2010) generally has a good effect on increasing compressive strength
and decrease the absorption of concrete cured in different Salt solution
concentrations with two types of cement (S.R.C & O.P.C) and two types
of concrete strength (C600 & C350) and helped the concrete specimens
successfully to reach to high performance concrete. Also showed a better
influence on durability of concrete (exposed to 50 cycle of durability).
The suggested admixture (BM 2010) can be used successfully as an
effective and economic admixture to protect different concrete elements
against sulfate attack or any other decayed environmental conditions.