الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to propose the local application of a bisphosphonate drug (sodium alendronate) in gel form, directly to the surgical site, and to perform a comparative evaluation of aspects related to osseointegration of titanium implants inserted immediately after this application, in vivo. The hypothesis was that topically applied bisphosphonates would increase primary implant stability after three months.
Twenty four patients selected from the outpatient clinic of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. Each has a missing maxillary anterior or premolar tooth that has been extracted for more than 6 months. Their ages ranged between 20 and 40 years with mean age of 32.5 years.
Clinical evaluation
All cases were evaluated for:
• Pain and edema on the 2nd day postoperatively.
• Peri implant probing depth after 3 months.
• Implant stability measured by OsstellTM Immediately and after 3 months and the results were compared
Radiographic evaluation
• Radiographic evaluation using cone beam computedtomography(CBCT) software “On Demand 3D App” immediately and after 3 months to evaluate bone density and osseointegration around the implant.
Clinical and radiographic results
Clinical results revealed minimal pain among all patients. Only two patients suffered from mild edema which was completely resolved on the second day postoperatively. None of the patients were presented with either infection or mobility.
CBCT was taken immediately post-operatively and after 3 months to evaluatebone density and osseointegration around the implants.