الفهرس 
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Abstract
This investigation was carried out at Itay EL-Baroud Agriculture Research Station Farm, EL-Behaira governorate, Egypt during the two successive winter seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. This investigation studied the effect of different tillage treatments on three flax varieties under different spray treatments with natural extracts to obtain high quality yield. A split- split plot design with three replications was used. The three tillage treatments were used and arranged in main plots. Also, three flax varieties (Sakha 5, Sakha 6 and Caeser) were used and grown in sub-plots while, three spray treatments were used and arranged in sub sub-plots. The three tillage treatments (main plots) were as follows: 1- Control (without tillage) 2- Soft tillage (on the depth of 5 cm) 3- Traditional tillage (on the depth of 20 cm). The three spray treatments (sub-sub plots) were as follows: 1- Control (without spray) but water spray only was used after 45 and 90 days from sowing. 2- Crop plus treatment after 45 and 90 days from sowing. 3- Yeast extract treatment after 45 and 90 days from sowing. The soil of the experimental sites were clay loam with pH 7.68 and 7.78 in texture soil samples which had been taken before sowing in the first and second seasons, respectively. The preceding crop was sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) in the first season, while the preceding crop was sunflower (Helianthus annus) in the second season. The sub-plot size was 6 m2 (2x3 m) or (1/700 fed). The two experiments were sown on 11st of November 2016 and 14th of November 2017 in Itay EL-Baroud Agriculture Research Station Farm. The experimental field area was well prepared. Phosphorus was added at rate of 100 kg/fad. super phosphate ( 15.5% P 2 O 5 ) before sowing and potassium sulphate (48% K 2 O) was applied at the rate of 50 kg/faddan before sowing in one dose. Nitrogen was added at the rate 45 kg N/faddan in the form of urea (46% N) in two doses, the first half was added before the first irrigation and the second half was added before the second irrigation. Other normal cultural practices for growing flax were done as usual in the area. Seeding rate for each variety was calculated according to the seed index to keep up the plant density in the unit area. The sowing rates were: 50 kg/faddan for Caeser, 60 kg/faddan for Sakha 6 and 70 kg/faddan for Sakha 5. The sowing method was broadcasting in each sub-plot. Sowing irrigation done at the next day of broadcasting. Other irrigations were performed approximately at 25 days intervals. Other normal cultural practices for growing flax were done as usual in the area. Harvesting was carried out manually during 20-30 of April in both seasons. Data recorded on some of characters could be summarized as follows: V.1.- Straw yield: 1- Plant height (cm). 2- Technical stem length (cm). 3- Main stem diameter (N.m). 4- Straw yield per plant (g). 5- Straw yield per faddan (ton). V.2.- Seed yield: 1- Number of apical branches per plant 2- Number of capsules per plant 3- Number of seeds per capsule 4- Seed yield per plant (g). 5- Seed yield per faddan (kg). 6- Oil percentage (%). 7- Oil yield per faddan (kg). 8- Seed index (g). V.3.- Fiber yield: 1- Fiber fineness (N.m). 2- Fiber length (cm). 3- Total fiber percentage (%). 4- Fiber yield per faddan (kg). The results obtained from the experiments could be summarized as follows: V.1.- Straw yield and its related characters: The analysis of variance shows highly significant differences among the tillage treatments, the used flax varieties and the used spray Summary - 68 - treatments for all the studied traits in the first as well as in the second season. Results can be summarized as: the soft tillage gave the highest results and ranked the first order, followed by no tillage while, traditional tillage ranked the last order with all the studied characters. Caeser variety gave the tallest plants and the highest technical stem length. On the other hand, Caeser variety gave the lowest values of straw yield per faddan and also, recorded the thinnest stem diameter in both seasons. Sakha 5 came in the intermediate for these traits. While, Sakha 6 gave the thickest stem diameter and recorded the highest values of straw yield per plant and per faddan in both seasons. The analysis of variance shows highly significant differences among the three spray treatments in both seasons, the Crop plus recorded the highest values for all the studied characters, followed by yeast extract then control treatment which recorded the lowest results in both seasons. The interaction between tillage treatments and flax varieties had highly significant effect on plant height, technical stem length and straw yield per faddan. The interaction between tillage treatments and spray treatments with natural extracts had highly significant effect on plant height, technical stem length and straw yield per faddan in both seasons. Stem diameter was only significant while, straw yield per plant was highly significant in the first season. On the other hand, stem diameter and straw yield per plant were not significant in the second season. The interactions between flax varieties and spray treatments had highly significant effect on all the studied characters. The second order interaction (tillage x flax varieties x spray treatments) was highly significant for plant height, technical stem length and straw yield per faddan, but it was not significant for stem diameter and straw yield per plant in both seasons. V.2.- Seed yield and its related characters: The analysis of variance shows highly significant differences among the tillage treatments, the used flax varieties and the used spray treatments for all the studied traits in both seasons. Results can be summarized as: the soft tillage gave the highest results and ranked the first order, followed by no tillage while, traditional tillage ranked the last order with all the studied characters in both seasons. Sakha 5 recorded the highest values, followed by Sakha 6 while, Caeser recorded the lowest results in both seasons. The analysis of variance shows highly significant differences among the spray treatments for all seed yield and its related characters in both seasons. The application of Crop plus recorded the highest values in all seed yield and oil yield. Application of yeast extract ranked the second order. On the other hand, the control treatment (without spray) gave the lowest values and ranked the last in both seasons. The interaction between tillage treatments and flax varieties had highly significant effect on number of capsules per plant and also seed yield per faddan while, it was not significant on oil percentage, oil yield per faddan and seed index in both seasons. The interaction between tillage treatments and spray treatments had highly significant effect on number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, oil percentage and also oil yield per faddan in both seasons. This interaction was not significant on seed yield per plant, seed yield per faddan and seed index in both seasons. The interactions between flax varieties and spray treatments recorded highly significant results for all mentioned values. The interaction between (tillage x flax varieties x spray treatments) was highly significant for number of capsules per plant and also seed yield per faddan, but it was not significant for seed yield per plant and seed index in both seasons. V.3.- Fiber yield and its technological characters: The analysis of variance shows highly significant differences among the tillage treatments, the used flax varieties and the used spray treatments for all the studied traits in the first as well as in the second season. Whereas, soft tillage ranked the first and recorded the highest values, followed by no tillage then traditional tillage which recorded the lowest values in both seasons. Caeser variety ranked the first order and recorded the highest values for all fiber yield and its technological characters, followed by Sakha 6 which ranked the second with highly significant differences after Caeser variety in these characters. On the other hand, Sakha 5 variety recorded the lowest values of these characters in the two seasons. The analysis of variance shows highly significant differences among the three spray treatments for all the studied traits in both seasons. In both seasons, the Crop plus recorded the highest values of fiber fineness, fiber length, fiber percentage and fiber yield per faddan, followed by yeast extract which ranked the second order then the control treatment (without spray), which gave the lowest values for fiber yield (in a descending order). The interaction between tillage treatments and flax varieties had highly significant effect on fiber yield per faddan. While, the interaction between tillage treatments and spray treatments with natural extracts had highly significant effect on fiber length in both seasons. Whereas, the interaction between flax varieties and used spray treatments had highly significant effect on fiber fineness, fiber percentage and fiber yield per faddan in the two seasons. Fiber length was not significant in the first season, but it was highly significant in the second season. The interaction between (tillage x flax varieties x spray treatments) was highly significant for fiber yield per faddan in both seasons. Fiber percentage was only significant in the first season, but it was highly significant in the second season. While, fiber length was highly significant in the second season, but it was not significant in the first season. On the other hand, fiber fineness was only significant in the first season, but it was not significant in the second season.