الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 127 |  |  |
| | | from | 127 | | |
Abstract
The fingerprint is an impression left by the friction ridges of human finger which includes the ridges and the grooves of the skin. The fingerprints are the probable absolute method of race and sex identification because they are varied between individuals.
The aim of the present work was to study the fingerprint pattern types in two different population (Egyptian and Tanzanian) and asses the relation of fingerprint pattern to sex and race identification. It is also formulated the regression equations for sex and race determination using fingerprint patterns.
The study was done collectively in the Department of Forensic medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University and in the Faculty of Medicine, Zanzibar University. It was conducted on two hundred adult volunteers divided into two racial groups: firs group included one hundred adult Egyptians (50 males and 50 females) and the second one included one hundred adult Tanzanian (50 males and 50 females). All subjects were medical students, their age ranged from 20-30 years and were randomly chosen.
For each participant age and race were confirmed. Fingerprint were collected with the help of black fingerprint inkpad with A4 paper. Fingerprint were scanned and analyzed by using Autodesk Inventor Software program. Fingerprints patterns were classified according to FBI (which divides the fingerprints patterns into: loop: ulnar and radial loop, arch; plain and tented arch, whorl; plain whorl, central pocket loop, double loop and accidental). Pattern intensity index was calculated and ridge density counting was conducted on each fingertip surface area within the two squares of 5x5 mm2 in both radial and ulnar areas.
The collected data were statistically analyzed and used to formulate regression equations for race and sex determination from fingerprint analysis.
The results of the study revealed that
- Among the Egyptian group, the age of males ranged from 21.0- 30.0 years with the mean value of 22.10 ± 1.73 years and females ranged from 21.0 – 30.0 years with the mean age of 22.06 ± 1.74 years. There was no significant difference between both sexes as regard age.
- Regarding the age distribution among the Tanzanian males the age ranged from 20.0 – 30.0 years with the mean age 22.22 ± 2.05 years and for Tanzanian females, the age ranged from 21.0 – 30.0 years with the mean age of 22.48 ± 1.91 years. There is no significant difference between both sexes as regard age.
- Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two studied populations for both sexes regarding the age.
- The two studied population (Egyptian and Tanzanian) have the same order of distribution of different fingerprint patterns where the ulnar loop (57.2% and 62.8% respectively) was the commonest pattern among Egyptian and Tanzanian while the radial loop (5.4% and 6.8% in that order) was the least recorded pattern.
- Among Egyptian population, there was no statistical significant difference regarding the fingerprint pattern distribution between both sexes. ulnar loop was the commonest in both males and females (55.4% and 59.0% respectively) and the radial loop in both males and females (5.0% males and 5.8% females) was the least one.
- In Tanzanian population, ulnar loop was the predominant one in both males and females (64.0% and 61.6% respectively) while the radial loop in females (4.6%) was the least one and the arch pattern in males (5.8%) was the least one. There was a statistical significant difference between males and females among Tanzanians regarding fingerprint pattern distribution.
- In Egyptian population the ulnar loop was the commonest in all fingers for both hands (thumb, index, middle, ring and little finger) in both sexes (38%, 41%,63%, 41% and 77% respectively) for males and (46%, 50%, 68%, 56% and 75% respectively) for females. Whorl pattern is the second common pattern in all fingers for both sexes. Radial loop pattern was absent in ring and little fingers of males and females. Arch pattern frequency in thumb finger is significantly higher in males (11%) than females (1%).
- In Tanzanian population, ulnar loop was predominant in all fingers for both hands (thumb, index, middle, ring and little finger) in both sexes (46%, 55%, 74%, 59% and 86% respectively) for males and (51%, 52%, 67%, 57% and 81% respectively) for females. Radial loop pattern in thumb finger is significantly higher in males (34%) than females (15%). Also, radial loop pattern was absent in ring and little fingers of males and females. Arch pattern frequency in thumb, middle, ring and little fingers is significantly higher in females (18%, 20%, 14% and 10% respectively) than males (4%, 9%, 2% and 3% respectively).
- There was significant difference in the fingerprint pattern distribution between Egyptian and Tanzanian males in the thumb finger. Radial loop pattern in right thumb finger is significantly higher in Tanzanian males (38%) than Egyptian males (20%). on the other hand, whorl pattern in left thumb is significantly higher in Egyptian males (30%) than Tanzanian males (12%).
- In index, middle, and ring fingers among Egyptian and Tanzanian males there was no statistical significance difference in the fingerprint pattern distribution. Although, ulnar loop pattern in index finger of both hands is significantly higher in Tanzanian males (55%) than Egyptian males (41%) and in left middle finger is significantly higher in Tanzanian males (72%) than Egyptian males (52%).
- The current study revealed significant difference in the fingerprint pattern distribution between Egyptian and Tanzanian males in the little finger, radial loop pattern is absent in the right and left little finger both samples. On the other hand, Whorl pattern in right little finger is significantly higher in Egyptian males (22%) than Tanzanian males (8%).
- There was significant difference in the fingerprint pattern distribution between Egyptian and Tanzanian females in the thumb finger of the right or left or both hands. Whorl pattern in right and left thumb finger is significantly higher in Egyptian females (40%, 36% respectively) than Tanzanian females (16% for each). On the other hand, Arch pattern in right and left thumb is significantly higher in Tanzanian females (16%, 20%, respectively) than Egyptian females (0%, 2% respectively).