الفهرس 
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Abstract
Genital problem is one of the most critical issues in canine medicine. The continuous therapeutic trail of genital affection is necessary to maintain the fertility status and reproductive ability in valuable bitches as much as possible. the present studies aimed to show the effect of some traditional and modern medicinal or surgical treatment of genital affection in trail to save the fertility and reproductive performance, in combination to avoidance of therapeutic trail that make the bitch in sterile condition. The ongoing studies was carried out on 124 bitches, of different age and 10 breeds, admitted to a private veterinary clinic in Cairo Governorate. This work was under investigation during the period between January 2018 and September 2020.
Genital affections in the present study are classified according to the cause into hormonal (ovarian cyst, luteal insufficiency, true vaginal prolapse and silent heat), congenital (vaginal septum and enlarged clitoris), infectious (pyometra, pregnancy loss and TVT) and managemental (nutritional, eclampsia and dystocia). Diagnosis included clinical examination (breeding history and dehydration state, physical examination), gynecological examination (Ultrasonography (B – B/M mode), vaginoscopy and vaginal smear), laboratory investigations (complete blood count, hormonal assay “estrogen, progesterone & testosterone”, biochemical parameter, serological test, microbiological culture and sensitivity) moreover histopathological examination, then subjected to medical or surgical treatment.
The prevalence of reproductive affection recorded in this study were the highest incidence was to pyometra (33.8%) and pregnancy loss (23.3%), followed by dystocia (9.7%), nutritional infertility (8.8%), later eclampsia and TVT (6.4% for each). However the lowest rate was to vaginal septum and vaginal prolabse (2.41% aside), later the enlarged clitoris, silent heat, ovarian cyst and luteal insufficancy (1.61% individually).
Irrespective of the affection that reported, the dog breed were recorded that highest incidence (30.6% and 26.6%) was reported in golden retriever and german shepherd respectively. Next the griffon (8.8%), rottweiler and Labrador retriever (7.25% separately) and (5.6%) for each of the pitbull and Siberian husky. On the other hand, the least incidence was presented in cocker spaniel, cane corsa and Pekinese (4.03%, 3.2% and 0.81%) jointly.
Bitches entered to the clinic and presented with congenital affection in the current research constituted 4.03% of the total cases. Vaginal septum were 3 bitches, all of them diagnosed using vaginoscopy, while the surgical resection of the septum was the treatment of choice. Next in order the two cases of enlarged clitoris have been primarily diagnosed by clinical manifestation, then the hormonal analysis show hyperestrogenmia and low testosterone. Surprisingly the histopathology that conducted on gonads after gonadectomy, reveal the presence of inactive seminiferous tubules, indicating that the present affection was male pseudo-hermaphrodism. The effective treatment was gonadectomy and unfortunately discard from breeding.
Two cases of follicular cyst were recorded in current work, the diagnosis based on clinical symptoms, hormone (estrogen and progesterone) profiling and vaginal cytology, ovariohysterectomy was found to be an effective therapy. Additionally, luteal insufficiency were recorded in two pregnant bitch suffering from lowered fetal heart rate which detected by ultrasound. Also hormonal concentration display lower progesterone level. The two bitches respond well to hormonal therapy by using medroxy-progesteron.
Unexpectedly, two case of true vaginal prolapse were recorded in the present work, the surgical reduction show effectiveness of the therapy without any relapse. Only three cases distress sign of silent heat, was diagnosed by vaginal cytology and hormonal profile that affirm the presence of estrous without showing external estrual manifestation.
Among all bitches (n = 124) included in this study, 42 of them (33.8%) suffered from pyometra. That was diagnosed by ultrasonography, biochemical and hematological analysis. Moreover, the culture and sensitivity are achieved to enhance the treatment. Bitches affected by pyometra were subjected to either surgical or medicinal treatment according to general health condition of the bitches. The result of surgical treatment was effective in 11 bitches (26.2%), on the other hand, in present research there are three different types and protocol of prostaglandin were used in 31 bitches (73.8%), whatever the three protocol was effective which was roughly of the same result. The effectiveness of treatment was determined according to the days required to restore the general health condition of the affected bitches.
Pregnancy losses is one of the most prevalent affection in this research (n=29). Seventeen of them was suffering from abortion, diagnosis depend on clinical manifestation, microbiological culture, serology titer (brucella, toxoplasma) and ultrasonography. Treatment was based on the result of bacteriological culture and serological detection, therefore the treatment exhibit powerful effectiveness without loss in fertility status of the affected bitches. Extraordinarily, eight cases of fetal resorption was detected throughout a regular pregnancy follow-up. The only method of diagnosis was the regular ultrasonography examination in different time through pregnancy.
Exceptionally, from the 29 cases of pregnancy loss, there were four cases of still-born fetuses were recorded in the current study. The diagnosis was carried out by a full post-mortem exam, microbiological culture and a descriptive histopathological exam of variant organ were collected from the fetuses.
A unique genital affection in a total eleven bitches, as they suffering from nutritional infertility represented in lowered conception rate. The diagnosis mainly was dependent on history of animal husbandry and hormonal (estrogen and progesterone) estimation. The treatment was based on adjustment of the diet, life style, vitamin and mineral supplement. That was successful in 100% of the affected bitches.
Eight of the bitches are suffering from TVT, it was diagnosed by clinical manifestation. Treatment was dependent on chemotherapy. that exhibit complete tumor regression in two bitches after 2 doses, five bitches after 4 doses and only one bitch need five doses for complete regression of tumor.
Likewise, eight cases of eclampsia were documented in the present study, that diagnosed through clinical symptoms, serum calcium and glucose levels. The administration of calcium intravenously was recorded as an effective method of treatment and diagnosis in this investigation. At the time that all bitches respond well to treatment within average time 39.1 ± 5.2 minutes.
In addition, dystocia were reported in twelve bitches through the present study, they are classified according to origin of dystocia into uterine inersia in 5 bitches and feto-pelvic disproportion in 7 bitches. The diagnosis was established by clinical manifestation, vaginal exam and serum calcium and glucose level. Treatment in cases caused by feto-pelvic disproportion was by caesarean section, that was effective in all seven bitches. Furthermore, the 5 cases caused by uterine inersia were treated using medical protocol, and it was effective in four cases, sadly only one case failed in medical treatment and therefore the caesarean section was a quick fix.