الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 200 |  |  |
| | | from | 200 | | |
Abstract
SUMMARY
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii; an intracellular parasite that is the unique specie able to produce the disease in all warm blooded animals. Toxoplasmosis is acquired by oral contact with infecting forms eliminated in feline feces, who contaminate the soil and the water. The ingestion of raw or undercook meat contaminated with parasite cysts is an important way of acquiring the disease, while the congenital transmission is also extensively reported and represents a public health problem.
The current work was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of curcumin and curcumin loaded metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites on chronic toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected female albino rats.
In this regards, the following rat groups:
1- Normal Rats Group: 10 rats were uninfected and untreated.
2- Infected Rats Group: include 10 rats, infected orally with brain suspension containing Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) ME49 cysts (20 cysts/rat), two months until the infection became chronic and untreated.
3- Infected Rats group and treated with Wheat germ oil: they were treated with 0.5 ml saline (orally) and 0.1 ml wheat germ oil (intraperitoneally) daily for 10 days.
4- Infected Rats group and treated with Spiramycin: they were treated with spiramycin (200 mg/Kg B.W in 0.5 ml saline orally) daily for 10 days.
5- Infected Rats group and treated with curcumin: they were treated daily with curcumin (20 mg/Kg B.W in 0.1 ml wheat germ oil intraperitoneally) for 10 days.
6- Infected Rats group and treated with spiramycin & curcumin: they were treated daily with spiramycin (200 mg/Kg B.W in 0.5 ml saline orally) and curcumin (20 mg/Kg B.W in 0.1 ml wheat germ oil intraperitoneally) for 10 days.
7- Infected Rats group and treated with Fe-MOF: they were treated daily with Fe-MOF (20 mg/Kg B.W in 0.1 ml wheat germ oil intraperitoneally) for 10 days.
8- Infected Rats group and treated with curcumin @ Fe-MOF: they were treated daily with curcumin @Fe-MOF (20 mg/Kg B.W in 0.1 ml wheat germ oil intraperitoneally) for 10 days.
9- Infected Rats group and treated with UIO-66-NH2: they were treated daily with Uio-66-NH2 (20 mg/Kg B.W in 0.1 ml wheat germ oil intraperitoneally) for 10 days.
10- Infected Rats group and treated with curcumin @ UIO-66-NH2: they were daily treated with curcumin@Uio-66-NH2 (20 mg/Kg B.W in 0.1 ml wheat germ oil intraperitoneally) for 10 days.
Characterization of nanoporus materials:
Field emission scanning electron microscopy of Fe-MOF and Curcumin@Fe-MOF showed like rode and average particle size about 50 nm. While, it was octahedral precious stones with the size of around 200 nm for UIO-66-NH2 and curcumin @ UIO-66-NH2. The maximum adsorption capacity of curcumin onto Fe-MOF was 163.94 mg/g while, the maximum adsorption capacity of curcumin onto UIO -66-NH2 was 188.88 mg/g.
Parasitic Load:
Toxoplama gondii (T.gondii) ME49 strain cystic counts were significantly low in all treated rat groups compared with rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 strain and un treated.
Hematological Parameters:
White blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly high in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group. The highest WBCs countappeared in rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with wheat germ oil. Blood platelet counts were significantly high in all treated rat groups (except in rats group infected with T.gondii ME49, they were significantly low ) compared with normal rats group. Red blood corpuscle (RBC) counts were significantly high in rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Cur@Fe-MOF, rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with UIO-66-NH2 and rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Cur@UIO-66-NH2 compared with normal rats group.
Hemoglobin concentrations were significantly high in all treated rat groups (except those infected with T.gondii ME49, they were non significantly different) compared with normal rats group. Hematocrit values were significantly high in rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Cur@UIO-66-NH2, rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with UIO-66-NH2, rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Cur@Fe-MOF and rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Fe-MOF (except those infected with T.gondii ME49, they were significantly low) compared with normal rats group.
Mean corpuscular volume was significantly high in all treated rat groups (except rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with wheat germ oil and rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with spiramycin, they were non-significantly different) compared with normal rats group. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin was significantly high in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was significantly high in rats group infected with T.gondii ME49, rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with wheat germ oil and rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with spiramycin compared with normal rats group.
Biochemical Parameters:
Serum ALT activities were significantly high in all treated rat groups (except those infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Cur@UIO-66-NH2 were non-significantly different) compared with normal rats group. Rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 revealed the highest ALT activity. Serum AST activities were significantly high in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group. The results showed that, the highest AST activity appeared in rats group infected with T.gondii ME49. Serum LDH activities were significantly high (P<0.05) in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group.
Total plasma protein concentrations were significantly high in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group. Rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 showed the highest level of total plasma protein concentration. Plasma albumin concentrations were significantly low in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group.
Sera urea concentrations were significantly high in all treated rat groups (except rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Cur@ Fe-MOF and rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Cur@UIO-66-NH2 were non-significantly different) compared with normal rats group. Sera creatinine concentrations were significantly high in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group.
Hormonal Parameters:
Serum progesterone levels were significantly low in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group.
Toxoplasma gondii Me49 IgG concentration:
Sera Toxoplasma gondii Me49 IgG concentrations were significantly high in all treated rat groups compared with normal rats group.
Gene expression of Toxoplasma gondii Me49 bradyzoite antigen (BAG1) gene:
Fold change in mRNA expression of T. gondii Me49 bradyzoite antigen (BAG1) gene was significantly low in all treated rat groups compared with rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 strain and un treated.
Histopathological Findings:
Normal histo-morphological features of liver sections were apparent in rat groups infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with Fe-MOF, CUR@Fe-MOF, UIO-66-NH2, CUR@UIO-66-NH2. Spleen sections also revealed mild focal lymphocytic depletion of the lymphocytes of some white pulp and hemosiderosis in the red pulp in rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with UIO-66-NH2 .Mild lymphoid proliferation of the white pulp, congestion and hemosiderosis of the red pulp appeared in spleen sections of rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with CUR@UIO-66-NH2. Rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with UIO-66-NH2 and rats group infected with T.gondii ME49 then treated with CUR@UIO-66-NH2 denoted intense peribronchial, perivascular and interstitial round cells aggregations, chronic bronchitis and focal alveolar thickening.
In conclusion, metal organic frameworks loaded with curcumin are very effective agents in treatment of toxoplasmosis as, they caused significant decrease in Toxoplasma gondii ME49 cystic count in the brain tissues, improved both hematological and chemical parameters of infected female rats, increased immunity, improved progesterone levels, decreased expression of BAG1 gene and reduced pathological changes caused by toxoplasma infection in liver, spleen and lung tissues.