الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this Thesis, some different organic wastes have been separated and equipped and used as adsorbent materials to remove organic materials and heavy metals from surface water and wastewater.The thesis has been divided into five main chapters: -
1. Introduction
This chapter represents introduction about water resources , water contamination forms and the information about the all sources of drinking water in Egypt.
2. Review of Literature
This chapter discusses the most organic and inorganic pollutants of Water around the world and available technologies which had been used to control water pollution. Some of them are coagulation, foam, flotation, filtration, ion exchange, aerobic and anaerobic treatment, advanced oxidation processes, solvent extraction, activated sludge, microbial reduction, electrolysis and adsorption. The adsorption is a process for reducing water pollution by using modified natural materials. Many agricultural and industrial wastes adsorbents materials were tested to reduce the organic matter and heavy metals from the Surface water and waste water.
3. Materials and Methods
This includes recorded experimental work, reagents, materials, solutions, instruments, chemicals and the analytical methods which used in this work. Preparation of the adsorbents from rice straw (RS) and De-Aluminated kaolin (DAK) with some modifications by using 1M H2O2 and 1M NaOH were discussed.
4. Results and Discussion
This chapter shows the results that reached throughout the research steps; it can be summarized in two main steps as follows:
Survey analysis for TOC and heavy metals for the five WTPs in Greater Cairo.
Studies on the optimum conditions for adsorption and the optimum adsorbent characterization that showed the highest adsorbent activity.
4.1 Survey analysis for TOC and heavy metals for the WTPs in Greater Cairo.
Survey study was done to record the value of TOC and heavy metals for five different WTPs in greater Cairo (El-Tebben, El-Fustat, Shoubra El-Khaimah, Embaba, and Gezeret El-Dahab). The results show that all the intakes of raw water found to be complying with law 48/1982 but with a maximum value for TOC, heavy metals( Iron 0.6 mg/l and Manganese 0.2 mg/l) , and THMs 95.5 µg/l in Shoubra El-KhaimahWTP intake. That attributed to the polluting activities surrounding Shoubra El-Khaimah WTP intake.
4.2 Studies on the optimum conditions for adsorption and the optimum adsorbent characterization that showed the highest adsorbent activity
This section includes the obtained results and the factors affected the adsorption process. Five factors were examined, which are TOC and heavy metals) concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbents dosage and particle size
1-Adsorbents dosage: series of adsorbents dosage were used and the efficiency of the adsorbent was calculated by determining the difference in dose effect and TOC removal percent. The results showed that the best reduction for TOC removal percent was 70.4% by using (M (RS+DAK)NaOH).
2-pH value: Increasing pH from 2 to 11 increases the TOC removal percent.The higher TOC removal percent was 73% in an alkaline condition.
3-Contact time: results show higher removal efficiency within the first 15 min of experiment (74.3%) and low significant change in TOC removal precentage was observed after 55 min.
4-Characterization: The following analysis were studied, grain size distribution of RS and DAK using The Cyclosizer and Laser particle size analyzer, elemental composition and surface of DAK by using X-ray Analysis (XRD) and (XRF), Fourier infra-red (FT-IR spectroscopy) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for each adsorbents. The (DAK), (M(RS+DAK)H2O2), (M(RS+DAK)NaOH) adsorption isotherm were well fitted with Freundlich isotherm model and adsorption kinetics had been fitted with pseudo second- order kinetic model.
5. Summary and Conclusion
This chapter presents a summary and concentrated conclusion for the study and the proposed recommendations.