الفهرس 
Aim of the StudyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
B
reastfeeding is considered one of the most effective means for the infant health; the mothers’ breast milk contains nutritional, hormonal and microbial contents that prevent any infections which cause problems to the infants. Breastfeeding provides optimal source of nutrition for infants in the first 6 months and when continued up to two years. Breastfeeding provides many short and long term benefits for mothers as it prevents ovarian and breast cancer, hemorrhage, osteoporosis and postpartum depression (Holmes et al., 2019; Paynter et al., 2019).
Many barriers lead to early cessation of breastfeeding; maternal factors which include younger mothers, mothersʼ sickness especially after caesarean sections, the infants’ health problems, nipplesʼ problems and lack of emotional and family support, also mothersʼ work for a long time. Therefore, they need BF counseling, family support to increase decision and self-efficacy regarding BF (Chen et al., 2019; Kuliukas et al., 2019).
Aim of the Study:
The present study aims to assess barriers to continued breastfeeding among primipara mothers through:
1- Assessing primipara mothers’ knowledge about breast feeding.
2- Assessing practice and attitude of breastfeeding among primipara mothers
3- Assessing the barriers of breastfeeding among primipara mothers
4- Assessing the effect of the barriers of breastfeeding among primipara mothers on optimal technique for breast feeding.
Research questions:
1-What is the primipara mothersʼ knowledge about breast feeding?
2- What are the primipara mothersʼ practices and attitudes regarding breastfeeding?
3- What are the barriers of breastfeeding among primipara mothers?
4- Is there a relation between knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among primipara mothers with selected sociodemographics variables?
5-Is there a relation between knowledge of breastfeeding among primipara mothers with practice toward breast feeding?
6-Is there a relation between the barriers of breast feeding among primipara mothers and optimal technique for breast feeding?
Methodology:
Research Design:
A Descriptive design was utilized for this study.
Setting:
This study was conducted at the selected MCH because these health units are outlets for milk, affiliated to the Beni Sueif governorate in El wasta health administrator namely Enfast, Elatf MCHC, Etwab medical center and Maymoun medical center.
Sampling:
A Convenient sampling of 220 primipara mothers was selected. The total number of primipara mothers during the years of 2015-2016 in Maymoun center was 1600, Atwab center 1200, Elatf MCH 900, Enfast MCH 700. The investigator selected 5 % from each medical center with the following inclusion and exclusion criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
• Primipara mothers, (20-30 years).
• Delivered normal labor (no pain or bleeding after labor).
• New born baby with normal vital signs.
Tools of data collection
1-Questionnaire sheet:
It will be written in sample Arabic language after reviewing the related literature, it will be included two parts:
First part:
It will be concerned with sociodemographic characteristics of primipara mothers such as; age, educational level, occupation of the mothers.
Second part:
It will be concerned with breast feeding patterns such as EBF, EBF within an hour, knowledge and practice of BF, exposure of the mother to BF education, source of information, the factors that affect breast feeding duration, complication of labor barriers effecting BF.
2. Observational checklist: for assessing the practice of breast feeding technique among primipara mothersʼ rates as yes or no on a Likert scale each yes carries a score of one and no carries a score of zero.
Operational design:
preparatory Phase
Review of this study will be done by using available books, articles, journals and internet to develop relevant tools for data collection.
Pilot study
The pilot study will be conducted to evaluate validity, reliability and efficiency of the tools which will be used and any necessary modification will be done for final development of study tools.
Ethical consideration
The study purpose and conduction way will be explained to the subjects before taking the consent, informed of their right to withdra from the study without giving reasons. Results will be presented to the subjects and research result authority personal.
Field work
The researcher will be available in each MCH 2 days/week. The questions will be distributed to all primi para mothers in the MCH in the first day. The 2nd day breast feeding technique will be observed by the invstigator for each mother in the MCH.
Statistical design
Data will be presented in tables and graphs; suitable statistical tests will be used to evaluate the significance of the results.
Significance of Results:
Significance of results was classified according to P-value; the following level is used:
P > 0.05 no significant.
P <0.05 significance difference.
P < 0.001 highly significance difference.