الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was planned to study the protective effect of Bombyx mori larvae (B.mori.L) on pregnant rats which were received methotrexate (MTX) and their fetuses. the pregnant females of albino rats were divided into five groups; GP1(cont.salin) received saline at the 12th ,14th,16th days of gestation, GP2 (cont.Buffer) received buffer of B.mori.L extract at 7th ,9th ,11th ,13th &15th days of gestation t , GP3(MTX) was treated with MTX at the 12th ,14th,16th days of gestation (at organogenesis phase), GP4 (B.mori.L) was treated with B.mori.L extract at 7th , 9th , 11th ,13th and 15th days of gestation during the organogenesis period and GP5 (B.mori.L&MTX) was injected by MTX the 12th day of gestation as well as B. mori.L extract at 7th ,9th ,11th ,13th &15th days of gestation. Animals of all groups sacrificed at 20th day of gestation. After the animals scarification the fetuses were removed from the uterus and evaluated for mortality rate, growth parameters, external and skeletal malformations and histological studies of maternal and fetal liver, In addition, examination on liver oxidative stress biomarkers was done.
The results of the present study could be summarized as follow:
The administration of methotrexate caused:
1- Decrease of body weight gain and increased abortion percentage. The uterine and placental weights of pregnant rats were also decreased as compared to the normal control group.
2- High percentage of fetal mortality in the form of resorption and fetal growth retardation indicated by a reduction of fetal body weight and fetal body length and tail length.
3- Several malformations were noticed in fetuses including hematoma, brachydactyly , paralysis and kinky tail.
4- Skeletal malformation in fetuses represented by severe lack of ossification in bones of skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum and digits of fore and hind limbs. Also the concave shape in the vertebral column observed.
5- The histopathological examinations of maternal and fetuses revealed serious effects. Severe congestion in the central veins, sinusoids, fatty degeneration, less haematopoiesis and lymphocytic infiltration were observed.
6- Elevations in the examined liver oxidative stress biomarkers plus myeloperoxidase activity and decreased in reduced glutathione content and catalase activity.
The effects of administration of B.mori.L:
1- increase of body weight gain and decrease in aboration percentage. The uterine and placental weights of pregnant rats were also normal.
2- No fetal mortality, also, improved in fetal growth indicated by increase of fetal body weight and fetal body length and tail length.
3- Reduction of several malformation.
4- Improved skeletal malformation in fetuses.
5- Normal histological examination of maternal and fetuses.
6- Reduction in the examined liver oxidative stress biomarkers plus myeloperoxidase activity and increased in reduced glutathion content and catalase activity.
In view of the previously mentioned results, the
following could be concluded:
1- MTX has effect on the growth retardation and malformation of fetuses maternally treated with therapeutic doses.
2- B.mori.L improve the growth retardation and decreased malformation of fetuses.
3- Care should be taken if MTX was administrated during pregnancy.
4- If necessary to take the MTX during pregnancy recommended that taking B.mori.L.