الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present thesis describes the preparation and investigation of performance characteristics of new two modified carbon paste sensors for determination of the antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine sulphate. The first sensor based on hydroxychloroquine-phosphotangstate ion-pair and the second sensor based on β-cyclodextrine ionophore. The sensors were constructed and fully characterized in terms of composition, Soaking time, life span, response time, usable pH range and selectivity. The investigated sensors showed adequate selectivity for hydroxychloroquine sulphate compared with some common foreign interfering species (sugars, vitamins and amino acids). The proposed sensors were successfully applied for the determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in pure solutions, pharmaceutical formulation, and human urine using standard addition and potentiometric titration methods. Also, The sensors used as indicators in potentiometric titration of the drug cation. The results were compared with previously published data for determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate.
The thesis comprises three chapters:
Chapter (I), Gives a general introduction on the various electroanalytical techniques and their application. The chapter gives an idea about the different types of chemical sensors and discusses in detail electrochemical sensors. It also gives a brief review of the important potentiometric sensors developed for different drugs.
Chapter (II), This chapter comprises a literature survey on the different methods used for determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate . These include chromatographic, spectrophotometric, voltammetric and potentiometric methods.
Chapter (III), Describes the fabrication of two new modified carbon paste sensors for the quantitative determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate. The first sensor based on the incorporation of the ion-associates of the drug with phosphotungstic acid as electroactive material and the second sensor based on β-cyclodextrine ionophore as sensing material. The analytical applications of the developed sensors for determination of the drug in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine were also investigated.