الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Anemia remains a significant global health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries where up to 50% of pregnant women are diagnosed with anemia. While iron deficiency (ID) is not the only cause of anemia, it is the most common contributor. Strategies to reduce anemia among pregnant women often prove ineffective, and a recent publication utilizing data from a WHO survey reported that severe anemia can substantially increase the risk of maternal mortality. Iron deficiency during the first trimester, has a more negative impact on fetal growth than that developed later in pregnancy. This is also true for risk of premature labor. Poor socio-economic status contributes significantly to all aspects of these inter-linked problems that are more commonly encountered in the developing world. Any successful public prevention or treatment program should put into consideration all these contributing and correlating factors. The prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnancy varies from 20 to 90% depending on the economic status of the measured populations. In 2015, the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) stated: “there is inconclusive evidence that routine supplementation for iron deficiency anemia improves maternal or infant clinical health outcomes, but supplementation may improve maternal hematologic indices”. These conclusions were based on the correctly stated lack of directly compared clinical outcomes or harms of screening or not screening pregnant women for iron deficiency. Much of this conclusion was based on a pooled analysis of four trials which showed no effect of maternal screening alone on infant iron status at 6 months. Iron deficiency during pregnancy is associated with intrauterine growth retardation, premature birth, low birth weight, increased labor time, higher risk of infection, elevated maternal and prenatal mortality, muscle dysfunction, and low physical capacity. Infants at risk for iron deficiency include preterm infants, infants of diabetic mothers, infants born to iron deficient mothers and infants of smokers. This observation is supported by a prospective study reporting a reduction in fetal iron status when the maternal iron stores are low. Given that iron deficiency in pregnancy is associated with an increase in preterm birth, small for gestational age infants, peri-partum hemorrhage and even maternal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency in the first trimester, in non-anemic pregnant women and its relation to outcome pregnancy. This was a cross sectional study that was conducted on 100 pregnant women in the first trimester attending the obstetric department at Tanta University Hospital duration of research from October 2019 to October 2020. The main results of the study revealed that: Patients’ age ranged 20 – 38 years with mean BMI 27.54 kg/m2. Majority of the patients were rural Most of patients were multigravida by 69%. Meanwhile, 59% of the patients were multipara Mean Hb was 11.83 ± 1.08 g/dl, mean HCT was 31.78 ±2.25 %, mean MCV was 77.55 ±3.13fl, mean MCH was 27.24 ±1.35 %, and mean MCHC was 33.79±1.11. Mean ferritin levels were 64.59 ± 40.63 ng/ml, mean TIBC was 285.77 ±42.12 μg/dl, and mean TSAT was 27.54 ±12.89%. Regarding ferritin, 16% of patients had ferritin < 30 ng/ml, 9% of patients had ferritin < 25 ng/ml and 7% of patients had ferritin < 20 ng/ml. Meanwhile, 32% of the patients had TSAT <20%. There is a significant difference between the women with ID and women without ID regarding age, and gravida. There is a significant difference between the women with ID and women without ID regarding hemoglobin and HCT. There is a significant difference between women with ID and women without ID regarding serum iron, ferritin and TSAT. There is no significant difference between women with ID and women without ID regarding headache, fainting,decreased physical effort,nausea.vomitting and palpitaions There is no significant difference between women with ID and women without ID regarding abortion and congenital malformation Finally, given the lack of harm of testing for iron resenting pregnant mothers until properly powered outcome data become available.