الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Among the various components installed in the electrical distribution systems, main and lateral feeders are
the most susceptible to temporary and permanent faults. Line faults are generally inevitable because they occur
due to severe weather conditions and/or other natural events. The disconnection of customers from the utility
grid affects the reliability indices of the distribution system and might cause several economic and technical
problems. Due to such a problem, load restoration process takes place in order to restore the maximum number
of disconnected loads due to line faults. Disconnected loads are restored by altering the statuses of
sectionalizing (normally closed) and open-tie (normally open) switches. Load restoration operation is
formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem that aims at reaching a configuration which
restores the maximum number of disconnected loads without violating topological or operational constraints.
Thesis consists of seven chapters. First chapter is an introduction of thesis topic. Second chapter discusses the
importance of the electrical distribution system and its various components, focusing on the main component in
thesis (the transmission lines) which are the most vulnerable to interruptions and the effect of these faults on the
performance and reliability of electric system with a set of examples of faults that occurred in history in existing
distribution systems and their impact on electrical systems, then the term ”Restoration” is explained and how to
apply it on electric system and the different types of functions that can be used to restore lost loads and methods
of solution in cases of multi-functions. Also the different methods of optimizations methods used in restoration
are explained, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each method, mentioning its application in
various researches, along with presenting a survey of researches, systems, functions, and optimization methods
used in literature. In chapter three, the electrical distribution system, its components, types, and the advantages
and disadvantages of each type are explained, in addition to converting the electrical system to a set of
mathematical equations expressing the system and its components, including the function to be optimized and
the variables state to be found under different system constraints, with an explanation of the method of power
flow in the electrical system and how to apply it in order to check system constraints. Chapter four, discusses the
metahuristic method used in thesis, binary particle swarm optimization, it’s equations, and how to apply them to
the electrical system in order to restore lost loads, in addition to the term “load shedding”, and how to use it into
the function to be optimized, and how the programming deals with it as a method of solution in critical faults
cases in order to achieve partial restoration. In chapter five, the proposed method is programmed, implemented
and tested on a 118-bus distribution system by applying a variety of fault cases on feeder lines. Simulation
results have also been compared with those published in previous research. In Chapter Six, load restoration by
mathematical methods, including the required function, constraints, and approximation, illustrated theoretically.
In chapter seven , Conclusions of Thesis are presented, as well as proposals for future work in this area.