الفهرس 
Hepatocellular carcinomaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 102 |  |  |
| | | from | 102 | | |
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a serious medical problem in Egypt and epidemiological studies have shown that 6-7% of Egyptians are infected with hepatitis C. There is a strong relationship between hepatitis C, liver cancer with studies showing that about 70% to 90% of patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer suffer from hepatitis C. Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers, and treatment is a major challenge for late diagnosis in most patients.
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world and accounting for more than 5% of cancer cases. In Egypt, liver cancer rates are up to 4.7% of all chronic liver disease patients.
The development of the condition of patients with liver cancer is serious. Nearly 75% of liver cancer patients are in a late state when they are first discovered. In Egypt, approximately 85% of liver cancer patients are diagnosed in later cases. Liver cancer can be treated if detected in an early state when surgical intervention is still possible.
The main risk factors for liver cancer are largely due to liver cirrhosis, then to the infection of hepatitis (B) and (C) viruses. chronic alcohol abuse, aflatoxin intake and fatty hepatitis play an important role in liver cancer.
Liver cancer leads to a high death rate due to lack of effective diagnostic methods for early detection despite multiple attempts to detect liver cancer at an early time using ultrasound techniques, histological analysis and a number of tumor markers currently used for early detection of liver cancer.
The methods of diagnosis have improved in recent years especially with liver imaging, follow-up patients with cirrhosis which led to the detection of liver cancer at an early stage and then the treatment is more successful.
Alpha-fetoprotein is a glycoprotein and mainly made in fetal liver. Over 40 years of alpha-fetoprotein discovery it remains the most important in the screening of liver cancer patients.
Although alpha-fetoprotein measurement is an important indicator in the screening of liver cancer patients, some reports have indicated that limited benefit in differentiation between benign and malignant liver tumors. In addition, the measurement of alpha-fetoprotein does not reflect the biological features of the tumor, information about the behavior of liver cancer.
Thus, other supplements have been proposed for liver cancer screening.
Osteopontin is a glycophosphoprotein that is associated with the integrin. It is present in many cells, especially transgenic malignant human cells. It is believed that osteopontin plays a role in many cellular physiological functions, especially in regulating the migration, invasion and survival of cancer cells.
Osteopontin has been studied in a variety of cancers such as stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung and ovarian cancer. Although studies have shown a high rate of osteopontin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma caused by viral hepatitis C. However, the level of osteopontin in these plasma patients and the importance of the diagnosis have not been clarified.