الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a group of metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both resulting in impaired function in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Diabetes cause is due to either the pancreas is not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body are not properly responding to the produced insulin. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Januvia and scorpion body extract (Sc Tea) have recently gained attention as potent antidiabetic agents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of daily administration of Januvia and Androctonus (A.) amoreuxi body extract on blood glucose level; insulin level; glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile; as well as histopathological studies of pancreas in normal and diabetic rats. The study was designed to examine the effect of A. amoreuxi body extract for treatment of DM for 30 days in comparison to Januvia. Forty male albino rats (130-150 g) were divided into four groups; The first group serving as normal control received saline solution (0.25 ml). The second group received streptozotocin/nicotinamide (STZ/NA) to experimentally induce DM. group 3: Diabetic rats treated with Januvia. group 4: Diabetic rats treated with A. amoreuxi body extract. After 30 days of treatment, the animals of all groups were sacrificed and blood was collected to investigate the biochemical parameters. Pancreas was removed, washed with saline and fixated in formaldehyde for microscopic histology and immunohistochemical examination. Various biochemical changes and abnormalities were shown in plasma and pancreas and can be categorized as follows: Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increase in plasma glucose levels. Post treatment with Januvia or A. amoreuxi body extract, a significant decrease in glucose level was observed as compared with diabetic rats. Androctonus amoreuxi body extract exhibited more hypoglycemic effect than Januvia treated group. Regarding glycated hemoglobin, diabetic rats exihibted significant increase as compared with the non-diabetic control group. Post treatment with Januvia or A. amoreuxi body extract, markedly lower blood glycated hemoglobin level was recorded compared with diabetic rats. Androctonus amoreuxi body extract induced lower blood glycated hemoglobin level than Januvia. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly increased in diabetic rat group. However high-density lipoprotein (HDL) displayed a significant decrease as compared with control rats. The administration of Januvia or A. amoreuxi body extract had shown a significant decrease in TC, and TG, and significant increase in HDL- cholesterol as compared with diabetic rats. However, both effects were more manifested in case of A. amoreuxi body extract than Januvia. Microscopic examination of pancreatic tissues showed marked reduction in the islets of Langerhans size in the diabetic rats accompanied with a significant decrease in number of β-cells as compared with control rats. Decrease of such abnormalities was more obvious after treatment with A. amoreuxi body extract than Januvia. This study certified that A. amoreuxi body extract is more potent hypoglycemic agent as compared with Januvia where it improves biochemical and histological abnormalities due to diabetes metabolic disorders. In conclusion, this study supported the hypothesis that hyperglycemia activated cellular and tissue damage by oxidative stress. However, there were compensatory mechanisms for defense against the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Scorpion extract exhibited antioxidant property that could ameliorate the alternations induced in diabetes. The possible mechanisms by which ScTea brings about its hypoglycemic action may be due to (i) possible regeneration effect on pancreatic β-cells and induction of insulin secretion from β-cells of islets of Langerhans and (ii) enhanced transport of blood glucose to peripheral tissues.