الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aflatoxin Bi have attracted extensive interest due to its toxic and stability properties and the possibility of infecting food products without the presence of a visible signs. Few studies have demonstrated that exposure to aflatoxin Bi may lead to cardiotoxicity or determine how to prevent or repair this effect.
The previous studies demonstrated that aflatoxin Bi induced oxidative stress and produce free radical. The latter has been significantly reducing the levels of cellular antioxidants that lead to oxidative damage to intracellular proteins and DNA and increase lipid peroxidation and subsequently, increasing aflatoxin Bi levels in the environment and human exposure. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of action of aflatoxin Bi on heart functions.
Also, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anticholesterolemia properties of artichoke leaf extract have been identified, so the present study aimed to investigate cardiotoxicity of aflatoxin Bi and attempt to find out its preventive potential against cardiotoxicity induced by aflatoxin Bi in male rats.
To achieve the objective of this study, twenty-five adult male Albino rats weighing 184-192 gm were used. Animals were divided into 5 equal groups as follows: group 1 served as control, group 2 was administered orally with dimethyl sulphoxide used as a solvent, group 3 was treated with artichoke leaves extract (100 mg/kg B.W) and group 4 was administered with aflatoxin Bi (0.072 mg/kg BW) and group 5 treated with aflatoxin BI plus artichoke leaves extract orally intubation every day for 42 days.
The obtained results can be summarized as follow: -
1. Data showed that there is a significant (P<0.05) decrease in final body weight, body
weight gain of rats treated with aflatoxin Bi, while heart and relative heart weights significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to control group. On the contrary, artichoke leaves extract significantly (P<0.05) increased the final weight and weight gain. In the combined group artichoke leaves extract reduced heart weight and increased final weight. * *
2. Treatment with aflatoxin Bi caused significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; glutathione S-transferase, GST; catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD) and significant (P < 0.05) increase in thiobarbituric acid- reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in heart compared to control group. While, treatment with artichoke leaves extract alone caused significant (P < 0.05) increase in the antioxidant enzymes (GPX, GST, CAT and SOD) and significant (P < 0.05) decrease in TBARS, NO and XO in heart compared to control group. The effect of the combination treatment was significant improvement compared with aflatoxin group.
3. The obtained results showed that treatment with aflatoxin Bi resulted in a significant (P <0.05) increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK-MB) significantly compared to control group. W’hile, artichoke leaves extract treatment alone did not cause any significant.