الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was designed for the purpose of studying the effect of KD on liver tissue and function, as well as the possible protective role of atorvastatin.
The KD is a food with a 1:4 ratio of carbohydrates to fats. Atorvastatin is a member of the drug class known as statins. It was purchased from EIPICO Chemical Company, Cairo, Egypt and was given in a dose of 6mg/kg/day using gastric gavage.
Rats were categorized into four groups: control, KD, EODKD and KD plus atorvastatin. The liver was handled for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical studies. Hepatic triglyceride, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Bax, BCL2, CD11b and NLRP3 inflammasomes were assessed. Oxidative/antioxidative markers were also done. In addition collagen content was detected.
Hepatic affection in the KD-group was in the form of periportal hepatocellular necrosis, mononuclear cellular infiltrations and periportal fibrosis with massive collagen deposition. Regarding liver functions, there was highly significant elevation of serum ALT and AST levels and hepatic TG. A significant elevation of CD11b and NLRP3 indicated marked hepatic inflammation. A significant elevation of BCL2/ BAX ratio displayed the apoptotic effect of ketogenic diets. KD provides its hazardous effect through increasing the oxidative stress. EODKD group changes were less extent similar to that of KD.
Atorvastatin had a rectifying effect on the induced ketogenic diets hepatotoxicity as evidenced histologically and biochemically. The liver parenchyma restored its uniform architecture with minimal collagen deposition. The liver biochemical markers were almost restored with to their normal levels.
In conclusion: KD and EODKD induce structural liver damage that is associated with elevation of biological hepatic markers (AST and ALT) in parallel with increase intrahepatic triglyceride content. KD has more pronounced effect. The chief factors of hepatic injury are oxidative stress, sterile inflammation, low protein content and high concentrations of fat in these diets. Concomitant use of ATO with KD is useful and recommended.