الفهرس 
Diabetes MellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
please Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of different organs due to micro and macro vascular complications. Immunological and inflammatory mechanisms are heavily involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy. These inflammatory cytokines acting in paracrine or autocrine manner, may induce variety of effects on different renal structures leading to several renal disorders. IL-1 modifies vascular permeability and increase expression of chemokines which as a result leads to proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix in mesangiumas well as in the development of intraglomerular hemodynamic abnormalities.IL-1 levels increased with advancing stages of DKD. They have effects on the progression of disease not just with inducing proteinuria. Pentraxin3 thought to be direct marker of diseases activity in diabetic nephropathy, and related to endothelial dysfunctions, as it is synthesized directly at the site of the inflammation. CRP is synthesized in the liver and is a sign of systemic inflammation, as PTX-3 and IL-1 are synthesized by various cells and tissues including kidney specific ones. So, they may be more specific and sensitive indicators of renal damage, and may be more useful to provide information about the early recognition, staging and prognosis of the diseaseabstract.