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Abstract Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is defined as an increased ratio of endometrial glands to stroma greater than one to one. Endometrial hyperplasia arises from the endometrial glands, and its incidence is highly associated with prolonged unopposed estrogen action explaining its response to progestins leading to its regression. Thus hormonal therapy has been used as an alternative treatment for a specific subset of patients where preservation of fertility is desired or if comorbidities exclude them from surgical intervention. Experimental evidence has suggested a possible association between vitamin D and cancer risk. In studies of cancer cells and of tumors in mice, vitamin D has been found to have several activities that might slow or prevent the development of cancer, including promoting cellular differentiation, decreasing cancer cell growth, stimulating apoptosis, and reducing tumor blood vessel formation. |