الفهرس 
Anatomical consideration of vertebraeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Combined spinal epidural (CSE) anesthesia is the preferred and widely used method for lower limb orthopedic surgeries. The use of epidural or spinal anesthesia during major hip surgery has been linked to a reduced risk of perioperative complications such as deep venous thrombosis, less deterioration of cerebral and pulmonary functions in patients who are at a higher risk for complications decreased blood loss, early ambulation, and a higher patient satisfaction. Moreover, only a single prick is required in the needle through needle type of CSE technique hence causing lesser trauma to the patient.