الفهرس 
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Abstract
The objectives of the current study are to design, develop, and fabricate a membrane photoreactor and compare its performance in treating industrial waste (i.e., organic dye waste) against conventional treatment methods such as photocatalytic reactors and membrane distillation. The membrane photoreactor is composed of a feed tank and the membrane cell. The feed tank is a continuous stirred photocatalytic reactor containing slurry particles of titanium dioxide (𝑇𝑖𝑂2) that are activated by using a UV-lamp irradiation of wavelength 365 𝑛𝑚. The membrane cell consists of two compartments (one for feed and concentrate and the other for the permeate) separated by the Poly-Vinylidene Flouride (𝑃𝑉𝐷𝐹) membrane. The experimental setup was designed in a flexible way to enable separate-and-mixed effects investigation of the membrane and the photocatalytic reactor, separately and simultaneously, to end up with a comparison between the performance of these different configurations. The experimental work was divided into three stages. Firstly, the 𝑃𝑉𝐷𝐹 membrane was fabricated by mixing 𝑃𝑉𝐷𝐹 pellets in a solution of N-dimethylacetamide (𝐷𝑀𝐴𝑐) and acetone. Afterward, this solution was electrospun and the fabricated membrane was characterized to ensure free-beads fibers and to examine its morphology, active bonds, hydrophobicity, and surface charge by several characterization techniques as SEM, FTIR, contact angle, XRD, and surface zeta potential. Secondly, experiments were conducted to investigate the capability of the developed membrane photoreactor on dye removal. Effect of several variables such as: 𝑇𝑖𝑂2 photocatalyst-and-feed (i.e., dye) concentration were studied. It is found that 100% dye removal was achieved under certain conditions which reveal the preference of using membrane photoreactors over photocatalytic reactors or membrane distillation. Lastly, kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of 𝑀𝐵 on 𝑇𝑖𝑂2 was studied and it was found that this photodegradation is described by pseudo-first-order rate law.