الفهرس 
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Abstract
Quinoa seeds germination and vegetative growth were adversely affected by irrigation with seawater of 50% level or more. Quinoa appeared to be more tolerant to salt stress in the vegetative growth stage than in the germination stage. As an evident, this species was not able to germinate at 100% seawater level but can grow and give yield with this seawater level when it applied in the vegetative stage. Seawater treatments in the vegetative stage induced expression of some genes (NHX1 and CMO) and reduced some others (SOS1 and Rubisco enzyme).
Treatment with 50% magnetized seawater had a positive effect on germination and seedling growth in comparison with its counterpart of non-magnetized seawater. However, the application of all magnetized seawater levels in vegetative stage had no significant effect on growth, physiological aspects and yield of quinoa.
Generally, quinoa is a facultative halophyte and can be used as an alternative for traditional crops in harsh saline environment. Using of magnetic water during germination stage could be a promising technique to induce seed germination and seedling vigor under saline conditions.