الفهرس 
Definition of stutteringOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Stuttering is a multifactorial and complex disorder that results from the influence of many factors, which include genetic predisposition, motor speech skills, linguistic skills and cognitive, emotional and environmental factors. A wide range of possible risk factors has been proposed in the literature, including age; gender; type and manner of onset; duration of the disfluency; type of disfluency; associated communicative and qualitative factors; physical and emotional stress; family history of stuttering; personal, familial and social reaction; and family attitudes.
Objectives: The aim of this work is to study the different risk factors of stuttering in children in order to understand more about its nature, etiology and to help to decrease its incidence if possible.
Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study was carried on in the Phoniatrics Unit at Kobry El-Kobba and El-Gallaa Military Hospitals with the use of protocol of assessment of stuttering used in the Phoniatric Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University at a period of one year from August 2019 to August 2020. This study was designed to evaluate the risk factors of subjects suffering from developmental or neurogenic stuttering seeking speech therapy.
Results: The present study showed the etiology of stuttering in the studied patients. The most prominent cause was the developmental stuttering (86.45 %) followed by neurological stuttering (13.55%). The dysfluency distribution of the studied patients. The most prominent was the Syllables and words repetition 65 (67.7 %) of patients followed by IPDs 22 (22.9%) of the patients, 6 (6.25%) of the patients had prolongation and 3 (3.125%) of the patients had tonic blocks. Our study observed that family history of stuttering was found in 54 (56.25 %) of patients, consanguinity was found in 30 (31.25%) of the patients, first degree relatives was found in 15 (15.625%) of the patients and second-degree relatives was present in 6 (6.25%) of the patients.
Conclusion: The data of the present study concluded that the presence of stuttering or defects in speech quality and communication. Risk factors include multifactorial dynamic pathways that include: positive family history, being male (as boys are more likely than girls to keep stuttering), the onset (as children who start to stutter before age 3½ are more likely to outgrow it than children who start to stutter at an older age), the amount of time that it’s lasted.
Keywords: Risk Factors, Stuttering