الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are important targets for detection and identification in medicine, food safety, public health, and security. Bacterial infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of the availability of antibiotics, these infections are often misdiagnosed or there is an unacceptable delay in diagnosis. Current methods of bacterial detection rely upon laboratory-based techniques such as cell culture, microscopic analysis, and biochemical assays. These procedures are time-consuming and costly and require specialist equipment and trained users. Portable stand-alone biosensors can facilitate rapid detection and diagnosis at the point of care. Biosensors will be particularly useful to prevent further disease spread (e.g., in the case of food-borne pathogens). Detection of bacteria is also becoming increasingly important in anti-bioterrorism measures (e.g., anthrax detection). In this study, we successfully constructed two types of immunosensors using PVDF membrane or glass supports with antibodies against OmpA and OmpC. The constructed sensors were rapid, sensitive, and accurate in detecting pathogenic E. coli regardless of the nature of the examined samples: water, food, and meat...etc. The constructed biosensors demonstrated high specificity to E. coli with LOD of 2 CFU/ml for the glass immunosensor and 3 CFU/ml for the dot blot immunosensor (PVDF immunosensor). The constructed biosensors were optimized and work best at 37°C, 60 minutes, pH 7.4, and up to 1M salt concentration. Our sensors were designed to be used by non-specialized person because the results will be visualized quickly and can be delivered to the decision makers to accept and/or reject goods for importing or local market monitoring.