الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women all over the world and also in Egypt. Breast cancer ranks as the fifth cause of death from cancer overall, but it is still the most frequent cause of cancer death in women all over the world. The high incidence of cancer cases and insufficient cancer researches could result in many adverse impacts on human health. This will, in turn, badly affect the personal and financial rewards, career development as well as national income and resources. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide (1.38m new cases/year, 23% of all cancers). Ranked as fifth cause of death (the first in women) from cancer overall (45800 deaths). In Egypt, it represents almost 37% of cancer in women (18% overall). There are a number of in vivo experimental models based on laboratory animals including the Ehrlich solid tumor, derived from the mouse breast adenocarcinoma which is an aggressive and fast growing carcinoma able to develop both in the ascetic or in the solid form depending whether inoculated intraperitoneously or subcutaneously, respectively. One of the most important new ways in cancer treatment is the using of natural product. Hence the importance of this study is to find some antioxidants from natural sources such as plants for use in prevention and treatment of diseases. Several workers have reported the different biological activities of Saussurea lappa in a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo test models. Different extracts of this plant have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-ulcer, anticancer, immunomodulatory and pesticidal activities. The current study was designed to investigate the ameliorating potential of Saussurea costus root extracts in inhibition of Ehrlich cells growth and tumor development. Also; the effect of costus root extracts on lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, histological and immunohistochemical examination in Ehrilch tumor in female mice. Also, the changes in cardiac functions biomarkers, A total of 70 female Swiss albino mice weighing 20 25 g obtained from animal house colony Egypt Vaccine Company, Giza, Egypt. The mice were equally divided into eight groups. group 1, Control group in which mice did not received any treatment. group 2, Costus or negative control group in which mice received costus (300 mg/Kg body weight/ day) orally by stomach tube for 2 weeks. group 3, Etoposide group included mice that received Etoposide (50 mg/kg B.W/2 day) orally for 2 weeks. group 4, Ehrlish solid tumor group with induced breast cancer tumor, Ehrlish solid tumor subcutaneous. group 5, Mice Ehrlish solid tumor and orally given costus for 2 weeks. group 6, Mice Ehrlish solid tumor and orally given Etoposide for 2 weeks. group 7, Mice Ehrlish solid tumor and orally given costus and Etoposide for 2 weeks). Ehrlich solid carcinoma (EST) cells collected from donor mice (Swiss albino) of 20-25 g body weight obtained and suspended in sterile isotonic saline. A fixed number of viable cells (usually 2.5x106 cells/20 g body weight) were implanted into subcutaneous of each recipient mouse. At the end of the experiment, overnight fasted mice were anaesthetized with diethyl ether and blood was collected by cardiac puncture and blood placed in EDTA tubes and centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min. plasma were carefully separated , each of sample was labelled and kept at - 20 0C until biochemical analysis for liver and kidney functions. In addition tumour of each mouse was removed, weighed and measure volume after labelling samples; they were kept at -20 0C until biochemical, histology and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results of the present study were statistically analyzed and can be summarized as follows: In the current study; a significant decrease in tumor volume at Saussurea costus and/or Etoposide groups compared with EST group. A significant increase in body weight of Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) bearing mice group as compared with other groups. On the other hand; significant decrease in body weight of Etoposide (ETO) when compared with other groups. The body weight at the end of day 14 was more compared to the day 1 in all the experimental animals except in case of Etoposide treatment where it showed a decrease. A significant increase in serum GOT and GPT in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) as compared with control mice. Also; Etoposide (chemotherapeutic drug) induced an increased in serum GOT and GPT as compared with control and revealed a significant decrease as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST). Treatments of EST with Etoposide (EST+ETO) or with costus (SC+EST) or with Etoposide and costus together (SC+EST+ETO) revealed a significant decrease in in serum GOT and GPT in as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST). A significant increase in serum CK-Mb, CPK and LDH*103 in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) as compared with control mice. Etoposide (chemotherapeutic drug) induced an increased in serum CK-Mb, CPK and LDH*103 as compared with control and revealed a significant decrease as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST). Treatments of EST with Etoposide (EST+ETO) or with costus (SC+EST) or with Etoposide and costus together (SC+EST+ETO) revealed a significant decrease in in serum CK-Mb, CPK and LDH*103 in as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST). a significant increase in serum potassium and chloride ions in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) as compared with control mice. In contrast; a significant decrease in serum sodium in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) as compared with control mice. Also; Etoposide induced an increased in serum potassium and chloride ions as compared with control and revealed a significant decrease in sodium ions as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST). Treatments of EST with Etoposide (EST+ETO) or with costus (SC+EST) or with Etoposide and costus together (SC+EST+ETO) revealed a significant decrease in in serum potassium, and chloride ions in as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST). Tumor sections of EST group showing sheets of small tumor cells representing cell proliferation surrounding areas of necrosis; while tumor sections in EST+SC group showing focal necrosis with sheets of malignant cells. Tumor sections in EST+ETP group showing necrosis, while tumor sections in EST+SC+ETP group showing extensive necrosis and fibrosis. heart sections in EST revealed strong positive reaction for H&A. Moderate positive reaction for H&A in heart section in EST treated with costus and Etoposide respectively. Heart sections in EST treated with costus and Etoposide together revealed strong positive reaction for H&A. Finally, it can be recommended that: 1- Supplementation of natural products as costus (Saussurea lappa) is an important powerful antioxidant 2- Use of silymarin costus can be used as health promoting medicinal plant. 3- Use of costus as antioxidants .with Etoposide is a possible therapy could protect and ameliorate the toxic effects of tumor, heart associated with Ehrlich solid tumors in female mice. |