الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study and field measurements were carried out at
Agricultural Engineering Station, Met Khalaf, Menoufia Governorate,
Egypt, and Biosystem and agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty
of Agriculture, Menoufia University in November 2016.
The great aim of the experiment was to study and evaluate a
combined planter for seeding and fertilization.
The granulated fertilizer (Potassium nitrate and Urea) were used in
the experiment to assess the performance of cultivation and fertilization
of the machine.
The effect of two factors (front speed, reduction rate and height
from the soil) on the fertilizers amount in kilograms per feddan was
studied. The effect of fertilizer tube height on fertilizer spread in the
cultivation line was also studied. The results of the study were compared
statistically to obtain the most suitable treatments to the addition of
activating doses of fertilizers during planting and growing crop service.
The results obtained were summarized as the following:
At gat dimensions (15cm2)
- There were highly significant differences between forward speed and
for gat (15cm2). the mean values for
fertilizer amount for different forward speeds ranged from
(21.62±0.009 kg) for 8.5 km/h to (21.85±0.009 kg) for 2.5 km/h
forward speed.
- The fertilizer amount was 21.85 kg / feddan at the forward speed of
2.7 km / h and the fertilizer amount was reduced to 21.76 kg / feddan
for both the forward speed of 3.7 km / h and 5 km /h at slow and fast
speed of tractor, respectively, this means that at higher speed had
availability operating time per feddan, while the same amount of
fertilizer is given, and then reduced the fertilizer amount to 21.62 kg /
feddan at the forward speed 8.5 km / h.
- The mean values for fertilizer amount for different reduction ratios
ranged from (10.80±0.020 kg) for (1:1.7) reduction ratio to
(33.42±0.020 kg) for (1:4.8) reduction ratio.
- Forward speed and reduction ratio interactions for fertilizer amount
show highly significant differences
- Mean values for fertilizer amount ranged from (10.56±0.039 kg) at
reduction ratio (1:1.7) and forward speed (5km/h) to (33.60±0.039 kg)
at reduction ratio (1:4.8) and forward speeds (2.5km/h and 5km/h).
- The fertilizing rate increased by decreasing the reduction ratio for
1:2.4 to 1:4.8. The mean values for fertilizing rate for different
reduction ratios increased from (14.40±0.039 kg/feddan) for (1: 2.4)
reduction ratio to (33.60±0.039 kg/feddan) for (1:4.8) reduction ratio
at the first gear teeth (16), where, the percentage of increase in the
fertilizer amount was 57.1%, this percentage was approximately fixed
at forward speeds 2.5, 3.7, 5 and 8.5 km/h.
- The fertilizing rate increased by decreasing the reduction ratio for
1:1.7 to 1:4.1. The mean values for fertilizing rate for different
reduction ratios increased from (10.80±0.039 kg/feddan) for (1:1.7)
reduction ratio to (28.68±0.039 kg/feddan) for (1:4.1) reduction ratio
at the first gear teeth (26), where, the percentage of the increase in the
fertilizer amount was 62.3%, this percentage was approximately the
same at forward speeds 2.5, 3.7, 5 and 8.5 km/h at the same reduction
ratio.
- There no effect for both the forward speed 3.7 at slow forward speed
and 5 km/h at fast forward speed on the fertilizer amount, this means
that a higher forward speed is better at saving work time per feddan,
while it give the same amount of fertilizer, where the field
performance rate was 1.94 feddan/h at forward speed 3.7 km/h and
2.63feddan/h at forward speed 5 km/h with increasing about 26.2%.
So that, speed was preferable to 5 km/h because it covered a larger
area in less time. While, forward speed of 8.5 km/h was not
recommended although it is fast and less in time, and up normal
fertilizer distribution.
At gat dimensions (22.5cm2)
- There were highly significant differences between reduction ratio at
- Mean values for fertilizer amount for different forward speeds ranged
from (65.95±0.189kg) for 8.5 km/h to (66.51±0.189 kg) for 2.5 km/h
forward speed.
- The mean values for fertilizer amount ranged from (48.96±0.803 kg)
at reduction ratio (1:1.7) and forward speed (5 km/h) to (87.33±0.803
kg) at reduction ratio (1:4.8) and forward speeds (2.5 km/h).
- The fertilizing rate increased by decreasing the reduction ratio for
1:2.4 to 1:4.8. The mean values for fertilizing rate for different
reduction ratios ranged from (60.00±0.803 kg/feddan) for (1: 2.4)
reduction ratio to (87.33±0.803 kg/feddan) for (1:4.8) reduction ratio
at the first gear teeth (16). The percentage of increase in the fertilizer
amount was 31.3%, this percentage was approximately the same at
forward speeds 2.5, 3.7, 5 and 8.5 km/h.
- The fertilizing rate increased by decreasing the reduction ratio for
1:1.7 to 1:4.1. The mean values for fertilizing rate for different
reduction ratios ranged from (49.20±0.803 kg/feddan) for (1:1.7)
reduction ratio to (69.24±0.803 kg/feddan) for (1:4.1) reduction ratio
at the second gear teeth (26), where, the percentage of increase in the
fertilizer amount was 28.9% this percentage was slightly changed at
forward speeds 2.5, 3.7, 5 and 8.5 km/h. The slightly differences in
fertilizer amounts among four forward speeds for the same reduction
ratio may be due to the field vibrations by the equipment during
operation on the field soil.
- There where slightly effect of the fertilizer amount at both the forward
speed 3.7 at slow forward speed and 5 km/h at fast forward speed .
This means that a higher forward speed is better at saving work time
per feddan, because the field performance at forward speed 3.7km/h
was 1.94 feddan/h while it was 2.63 feddan/h at forward speed 5 km/h
with increasing about 26.2%. So that, speed was preferable to 5 km/h
because it covered a larger area in less time.
Influence of forward speed and reduction ratio on drilling time
- The mean values for drilling time for different forward speeds ranged
from (14 min) for forward speed (8.5 km/h) and reduction ratio to (49
for 2.5 km/h forward speed.
Influence of forward speed and reduction ratio on fuel consumption
- The mean values for fuel consumption for different forward speeds
ranged from (1.25 Lit/feddan) for forward speed (8.5 km/h) to (4.40
Lit/feddan) for 2.5 km/h forward speed at all reduction ratios.
Influence of forward speed during drilling at different pipe levels on
fertilizer scattering
- The mean values for fertilizer scattering (cm) for different forward
speeds ranged from (6.5cm) for forward speed (2.5 km/h) and fertilize
pipe level (5cm) to (25cm) for 8.5 km/h forward speed and (15 cm)
fertilize pipe level. This was due to the granular fertilizer were
affected by the kinetic energy gained by the speed of the machine, and
potential energy gained by the pipe level.
Influence of reduction ratio on distance between seeds
- The mean values for distance fertilizer placed (cm) for different
reduction ratios ranged from (10 cm) for reduction ratio (1:4.8) to (29
cm) for reduction ratio (1:1.7).
Finally, from the present results, it is clear that to improve seed
cultivation by using seed cum fertilizer show:
1- When planting alfalfa, the machine can be used at a forward speed
(5km/h) and a reduction ratio (1:2) to give the recommended
amount of fertilizer to the alfalfa crop, which is 12kg/feddan
(potassium nitrate) at gat dimensions (15cm2)
2- After planting alfalfa, the machine can be used at a forward speed
(3.7km/h) and a reduction ratio (1:4.8) to give the recommended
amount of fertilizer to the alfalfa crop, which is 30kg/feddan
(potassium nitrate) at gat dimensions (15cm2)
3- When planting maize, the machine can be used at a forward speed
(5km/h) and a reduction ratio (1:2) to give the recommended
amount of fertilizer to the maize crop, which is 50kg/feddan (urea)
at gat dimensions (22.5cm2)
4- After planting maize, the machine can be used at a forward speed
(5km/h) and a reduction ratio (1:3.9) to give the recommended
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amount of fertilizer to the maize crop, which is 75kg/feddan (urea)
at gat dimensions (22.5cm2)
5- when planting wheat, the machine can be used at a forward speed
(3.7km/h) and a reduction ratio (1:4.8) to give the recommended
amount of fertilizer to the wheat crop, which is 33kg/feddan (urea)
at gat dimensions (15cm2)