الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nconicotinoids are a new class of insecticides with widespread use in veterinary medicine and crop production. Their mode of action is similar to that of nicotine. Studies have shown that neonicotinoids bind in several and sometimes different domains in insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Acetamiprid is rapidly absorbed, with a maximum concentration in blood being achieved in approximately 2-3 hours. Acetamiprid is widely distributed in the tissues, with highest concentrations being found in the adrenal gland, liver and kidney.
Imidacloprid is used to control sucking insects, termites, some soil insects, and fleas on pets. Farm workers reported skin or eye irritation, dizziness, breathlessness, confusion, or vomiting after they were exposed to pesticides containing imidacloprid. Pet owners have sometimes had skin irritation after they applied flea control products containing imidacloprid to their pets. Animals have vomited or drooled a lot after oral exposure to imidacloprid. If animals swallow enough imidacloprid, they may have trouble walking.
The present study w’as undertaken to investigate the toxicity effect of the insecticide acetamiprid and imidacloprid individually with two different doses on male quails .
The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of acetamiprid and imidacloprid pesticides on Japanese quail and to provide ecotoxicological evaluation of these pesticides Experimental Design
Animals were divided randomly into 5 groups (6 animals each). Animals were maintained on food and water ad libitum. Doses acetamiprid and imidacloprid w’ere prepared by dissolving in distilled water and adjusted according to animal’s body weights and given orally by gavages approximately at the same time each morning, 3 days per w’eek for 5 weeks.