الفهرس 
Chapter I: INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The mechanism of crystallization of COM crystals at conditions simulating to artificial urine was studied.
XRD, FTIR, SEM, SSA and EDX techniques have been used to elucidate the structure of prepared crystals. The
crystallization rates of COM crystals carried out at 37 oC, I = 0.3 mol.dm-3, pH = 5.5, ɣ = 0.4 and the reaction
experiment initiated using 0.01 g of seed crystals in each experiment. The order of crystallization of COM crystals at
experimental condition was ~ 2, which suggests surface-controlled mechanism. The effect of fluid dynamics on the
rates of crystallization of COM crystals and the lower value of Ea ( 0.95634 J / mole), supported the surfacecontrolled
mechanism. The rates of crystallization of COM crystals were increased by increasing the values of ionic
strength of the medium. Increasing the values of pH of the medium, increased the crystallization rates of COM
crystals till pH = 8, after it, the rates decreased with increasing pH values. The effect of concentrations of urine
components using concentrations of components similar to that of artificial urine was studied.