الفهرس 
6. Introduction and RationalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Active infective endocarditis is a complex disease, associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, and most commonly affecting the mitral valve. More than 50 years after the introduction of antibiotic therapy, and more than 30 years after the first successful valve replacement, the reported early mortality rate of IE remains considerable (14%–31%).There are several possible explanations for this high mortality including changes in the type and virulence of infecting organisms and changes in the population at risk of developing infective endocarditis.
Native valve endocarditis may occur in patients who are intravenous drug abuser and ESRD on HD. Typically; intravenous drug abusers have Staphylococcus aureus as the primary organism. This generally represents acute bacterial endocarditis. Patients with valvular endocarditis who are not drug abusers may obtain their infections from dental abscesses, tooth extraction or oral surgery.